Question 1

How does the Little Albert study help our understanding of the origins of fear?

Accepted Answer

Little Albert demonstrated that fear could be classically conditioned in a real life situation when Watson presented a white rat along with a loud, frightening noise Albert was conditioned to fear the white rat.

Question 2

Peter's fear of the white rat transferred to the rabbit, fur coat and cotton. What process did this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spontaneous recovery 
B)  Discrimination 
C)  Extinction 
D)  Generalization 
A)  Spontaneous recovery 
B)  Discrimination 
C)  Extinction 
D)  Generalization D

Question 3

What is learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

The learned response of resigning oneself passively to aversive conditions, rather than taking action to change, escape or avoid them. Helplessness is learned through repeated exposure to inescapable or unavoidable aversive events. What the subject has learned is that there is no response that will allow them to escape or avoid the aversive stimulus.

Question 4

How does operant conditioning explain the learning of new behaviours?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a type of learni

Question 5

Shaping is an important procedure because it makes it possible for organisms to

Accepted Answer

A)  extinguish bad habits. 
B)  control the frequency of reinforcement. 
C)  learn new behaviours 
D)  escape or avoid punishment. 
A)  extinguish bad habits. 
B)  control the frequency of reinforcement. 
C)  learn new behaviours 
D)  escape or avoid punishment.

Question 6

Variability in work output is most characteristic of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fixedterval 
B)  Variable ratio. 
C)  Variableterval. 
D)  Fixed ratio. 
A)  Fixedterval 
B)  Variable ratio. 
C)  Variableterval. 
D)  Fixed ratio.

Question 7

An important aspect of the definition of learning is that the learned behaviour

Accepted Answer

A)  is a result of experience 
B)  is present all adult members of the species. 
C)  must be adaptive for the organism. 
D)  must be observable. 
A)  is a result of experience 
B)  is present all adult members of the species. 
C)  must be adaptive for the organism. 
D)  must be observable.

Question 8

You are doing homework. Your mother drops in at random times and gives you a treat if she finds you have been studying. What reinforcement schedule does she have you on?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fixedterval 
B)  Variable ratio 
C)  Variableterval 
D)  Fixed ratio 
A)  Fixedterval 
B)  Variable ratio 
C)  Variableterval 
D)  Fixed ratio

Question 9

Jamie and Anna are both employed raking leaves. Anna is paid $1 for each bag of leaves she rakes; Jamie is paid $4 per hour. Anna is paid according to the ________ schedule; Jamie is paid according to the ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-ratio; variable-interval 
B)  fixed-interval; fixed-ratio 
C)  fixed-ratio; fixed-interval 
D)  variable-ratio; fixed-interval 
A)  variable-ratio; variable-interval 
B)  fixed-interval; fixed-ratio 
C)  fixed-ratio; fixed-interval 
D)  variable-ratio; fixed-interval

Question 10

Parents who wonder why their children continue to nag to get what they want, even though the parents usually do not give in to the nagging, are doing what wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not using punishment when they should 
B)  Not giving the child what they want sooner 
C)  Failing to give the child the appropriate item before they start to nag 
D)  Occasionally reinforcing the nagging by giving once a while 
A)  Not using punishment when they should 
B)  Not giving the child what they want sooner 
C)  Failing to give the child the appropriate item before they start to nag 
D)  Occasionally reinforcing the nagging by giving once a while

Question 11

Drug overdoses can result if a typical dose of the drug is taken in a strange place.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

For five of the following, give an example you have experienced (or might experience) as a college student: (1) classical conditioning; (2) operant conditioning; (3) observational learning; (4) latent learning; (5) conditioned taste aversions; (6) extinction; (7) shaping. Be certain that your examples clearly illustrate the concept.

Accepted Answer

Remember that students need on

Question 13

Which of the following behaviours is likely the result of shaping?

Accepted Answer

A)  A dog salivates at the sound of an electric can opener. 
B)  Tropical fish swim to the top of the tank at feeding time. 
C)  A cat sleeps on the warm hearth before a fireplace. 
D)  A dolphin leaps through a ring of fire suspended over the water 
A)  A dog salivates at the sound of an electric can opener. 
B)  Tropical fish swim to the top of the tank at feeding time. 
C)  A cat sleeps on the warm hearth before a fireplace. 
D)  A dolphin leaps through a ring of fire suspended over the water

Question 14

Video lottery terminals (VLTs) are so appealing to people, because they are

Accepted Answer

A)  always able to choose the machine about to pay off. 
B)  efficient at the skill required to work the machine. 
C)  operated by a fixed-ratio schedule. 
D)  set on a variable-ratio schedule 
A)  always able to choose the machine about to pay off. 
B)  efficient at the skill required to work the machine. 
C)  operated by a fixed-ratio schedule. 
D)  set on a variable-ratio schedule

Question 15

Two-year-old Rick was playing with a balloon when it burst and made an extremely loud noise, causing him to cry. Now, whenever Rick sees a balloon, he becomes frightened. In this situation, crying at the loud noise is the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  conditioned stimulus. 
A)  unconditioned response 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  conditioned stimulus.

Question 16

What are some disadvantages of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Punishment generally suppresses rather t

Question 17

Which of the following would not help a person acquire an operantly conditioned response more quickly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giving immediate rather than delayed reinforcement 
B)  Reinforcing some but not every correct response 
C)  Giving a large rather than a small reinforcer 
D)  Maintaining a high level of motivation 
A)  Giving immediate rather than delayed reinforcement 
B)  Reinforcing some but not every correct response 
C)  Giving a large rather than a small reinforcer 
D)  Maintaining a high level of motivation

Question 18

Describe the basic classical conditioning model and use a personal example to show that you understand the following concepts: unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, acquisition, extinction and spontaneous recovery.

Accepted Answer

Students should explain the re

Question 19

The schedule of reinforcement that requires subjects to make a certain number of correct responses to receive a reward is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-ratio schedule. 
B)  fixed-ratio schedule 
C)  variable-interval schedule. 
D)  fixed-interval schedule. 
A)  variable-ratio schedule. 
B)  fixed-ratio schedule 
C)  variable-interval schedule. 
D)  fixed-interval schedule.

Question 20

What are the four major schedules of reinforcement, and which schedule yields the highest response rate and the greatest resistance to extinction? Why is this the case?

Accepted Answer

The four major schedules of reinforcemen

How does the Little Albert study help our understanding of the origins of fear?

Peter's fear of the white rat transferred to the rabbit, fur coat and cotton. What process did this demonstrate?

What is learned helplessness?

How does operant conditioning explain the learning of new behaviours?

Shaping is an important procedure because it makes it possible for organisms to

Variability in work output is most characteristic of which reinforcement schedule?

An important aspect of the definition of learning is that the learned behaviour

You are doing homework. Your mother drops in at random times and gives you a treat if she finds you have been studying. What reinforcement schedule does she have you on?

Jamie and Anna are both employed raking leaves. Anna is paid $1 for each bag of leaves she rakes; Jamie is paid $4 per hour. Anna is paid according to the schedule; Jamie is paid according to the schedule.

Parents who wonder why their children continue to nag to get what they want, even though the parents usually do not give in to the nagging, are doing what wrong?

Drug overdoses can result if a typical dose of the drug is taken in a strange place.

Which of the following behaviours is likely the result of shaping?

Video lottery terminals (VLTs) are so appealing to people, because they are

Two-year-old Rick was playing with a balloon when it burst and made an extremely loud noise, causing him to cry. Now, whenever Rick sees a balloon, he becomes frightened. In this situation, crying at the loud noise is the

What are some disadvantages of punishment?

Which of the following would not help a person acquire an operantly conditioned response more quickly?

Describe the basic classical conditioning model and use a personal example to show that you understand the following concepts: unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, acquisition, extinction and spontaneous recovery.

The schedule of reinforcement that requires subjects to make a certain number of correct responses to receive a reward is called a

What are the four major schedules of reinforcement, and which schedule yields the highest response rate and the greatest resistance to extinction? Why is this the case?

Introduction to Psychology

Biology and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Conciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Development

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Personality Theory and Assessment

Health and Stress

Psychology Disorders

Therapies

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Exam 5: Learning

How does the Little Albert study help our understanding of the origins of fear?

Peter's fear of the white rat transferred to the rabbit, fur coat and cotton. What process did this demonstrate?

What is learned helplessness?

How does operant conditioning explain the learning of new behaviours?

Shaping is an important procedure because it makes it possible for organisms to

Variability in work output is most characteristic of which reinforcement schedule?

An important aspect of the definition of learning is that the learned behaviour

You are doing homework. Your mother drops in at random times and gives you a treat if she finds you have been studying. What reinforcement schedule does she have you on?

Jamie and Anna are both employed raking leaves. Anna is paid $1 for each bag of leaves she rakes; Jamie is paid $4 per hour. Anna is paid according to the ________ schedule; Jamie is paid according to the ________ schedule.

Parents who wonder why their children continue to nag to get what they want, even though the parents usually do not give in to the nagging, are doing what wrong?

Drug overdoses can result if a typical dose of the drug is taken in a strange place.

Which of the following behaviours is likely the result of shaping?

Video lottery terminals (VLTs) are so appealing to people, because they are

Two-year-old Rick was playing with a balloon when it burst and made an extremely loud noise, causing him to cry. Now, whenever Rick sees a balloon, he becomes frightened. In this situation, crying at the loud noise is the

What are some disadvantages of punishment?

Which of the following would not help a person acquire an operantly conditioned response more quickly?

Describe the basic classical conditioning model and use a personal example to show that you understand the following concepts: unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, acquisition, extinction and spontaneous recovery.

The schedule of reinforcement that requires subjects to make a certain number of correct responses to receive a reward is called a

What are the four major schedules of reinforcement, and which schedule yields the highest response rate and the greatest resistance to extinction? Why is this the case?

Introduction to Psychology

Biology and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Conciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Development

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Personality Theory and Assessment

Health and Stress

Psychology Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Jamie and Anna are both employed raking leaves. Anna is paid $1 for each bag of leaves she rakes; Jamie is paid $4 per hour. Anna is paid according to the schedule; Jamie is paid according to the schedule.