Exam 5: Learning

In Pavlov's original research, dogs heard a tone and then had meat powder placed in their mouths which caused them to salivate. In this case, salivating to the meat powder is an example of

Recall what you have learned about classical and operational conditioning. Which of the following is descriptive of operant conditioning?

Bud, a new employee, watches an experienced employee perform a specific task, and then Bud tries to repeat the task. The changes in Bud's behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

If you perform an action and its consequence is positive reinforcement, your tendency to perform the same action again

Which type of reinforcer depends upon learning?

The tendency of stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus to evoke the conditioned response is called

In extinction, the conditioned response is completely forgotten, as if it had been erased.

Mary has never liked the look of mushrooms. Every time she sees one she feels nauseous. She is showing evidence of a

Two-year-old Rick was playing with a balloon when it burst and made an extremely loud noise, causing him to cry. Now, whenever Rick sees a balloon, he becomes frightened. In this situation, the loud noise is the

Conditioned taste aversions can be used as an explanation for

Salivating when you are eating steak is ________ response; salivating when you see a thick steak being barbecued is ________ response.

Learning to perform a behaviour because it terminates an aversive event is called ________ learning, and it reflects the power of ________ reinforcement

Allison is a fashion model for magazine advertising, so cameras and flash bulbs are a part of her life. She responds to the click of a camera with a slight contraction of her pupils, even when a flash bulb is not being used. This contraction of her pupils is an example of

Little Tammy is frightened by thunder and cries when she hears it. During a season of frequent electrical storms, thunder is always preceded by lightning. Now Tammy cries as soon as she sees lightning. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is

Explain each of the four basic schedules of reinforcement and give one example of each that you have personally experienced.

Five-year-old Andre was bitten by his neighbour's collie. He won't go near that dog but seems to have no fear of other dogs, even other collies. Which process accounts for his behaviour?

What is generalization?

The strength or speed of conditioning does not appear to be influenced by the level of motivation of the learner.

Morgana was once frightened by big, barking dogs, which now causes her to cry when she sees a dog. After visiting a friend's house where both a dog and a cat live, Morgana is now afraid of cats. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is

Punishment is most effective when