Exam 5: Learning

In the partial-reinforcement effect, the partial reinforcement results in partial learning.

The passive resignation to aversive conditions learned by repeated exposure to inescapable aversive events is called

In which of the following does a stimulus which cannot initially elicit a response acquire the ability to do so as a result of repeated pairing with the stimulus that does elicit the response?

Pavlov found that about 20 pairings of the tone and the meat powder would result in a conditioned response where the tone alone could elicit the salivation response.

Thus, many contemporary researchers claim that biological predispositions, or the degree to which ________ prepare(s) animals and humans to acquire or resist acquiring classically conditioned responses, are an important factor in the conditioning process.

In original trials with his dogs, Pavlov termed the tone the unconditioned stimulus.

Classical conditioning has a role in all of the following except

In fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement, the rate of responding is high because the number of reinforcers depends directly on the response rate.

The skill of discrimination has

Extinction requires which of the following?

Which of the following is not one of the four factors identified in the text that influences classical conditioning?

Based on the description in the text, any event that results in a response by an organism, even the passage of time, could be a stimulus.

Which behaviours are considered to be learned?

Which of the following does not increase the strength of the conditioned response in classical conditioning?

Responses are conditioned more effectively when the reinforcement is immediate.

Behaviour modification has been successfully applied to psychological problems like phobias and addictive behaviour (drug addiction).

Which of the following refers to the learned aspect from an example of classical conditioning?

In classical conditioning, if an animal responds to a stimulus the first time the stimulus is presented, the response is called the

In operant conditioning, learning occurs as a behaviour is modified by the consequences of the behaviour.

Morgana was once frightened by big, barking dogs, which now causes her to cry when she sees a dog. After visiting a friend's house where both a dog and a cat live, Morgana is now also afraid of cats. In this example, the conditioned response is