Exam 1: A Preview of the Cell

You have identified a new cytokine associated with the immune system that drastically reduces cell division by lymphoma cells in vivo.Develop a hypothesis and design an experiment to test your hypothesis using a model organism.Include an explanation as to why it is the best model for your experiment.

Glycolysis is also called the ________ pathway after the scientists who did most of the work to define it.

You wish to obtain a pure mitochondria sample from lysed cells.The best way to obtain this sample would be

Which laws were formulated by Mendel?

The limit of resolution can best be defined as

A scientist is examining motile protozoa.He wishes to determine their direction of movement.Which of the following microscopic techniques is least likely to be used to view these cells?

A(n)________ is an instrument used to separate subcellular structures and macromolecules on the basis of size,shape,and density.________ developed this instrument in Sweden during the period 1925-1930.

Which organelle is round and derives its name from the Latin word for "kernel"?

________ is the ability to distinguish two objects that are close together as separate.When using a light microscope,this ability is determined by ________.

Scientific discoveries have had great impact in human history.The people who make these discoveries and the circumstances that surround these discoveries are very important to our understanding of science.Can you identify the individuals as they might have described themselves? a.I am a seventeenth century shopkeeper from Holland.My hobby involves hand-polishing glass to make lenses,some of which can magnify almost 300-fold.I was the first to observe living cells and am known as the "Father of Microbiology." b.I was the Curator of Instruments for the Royal Society of London in 1665.I developed a crude microscope that could magnify around 30-fold.I examined plant material and observed many small chambers that I called cellulae. c.At the University of California,Berkeley,I worked with radioisotopes.In the late 1940s and early 1950s,I used carbon-14 to identify the most common pathway for photosynthetic carbon metabolism. d.We worked out the double helix model of DNA structure in 1953.We later received the Nobel Prize for this work. e.I am a nineteenth century German chemist.By synthesizing an organic molecule from inorganic components,I dispelled the idea that biological processes were exempt from the laws of chemistry. f.My colleague and I worked with bacterial viruses.We were able to demonstrate that DNA-not protein-was the genetic material of the cell. g.I am a Swedish scientist.I developed the ultracentrifuge to determine sedimentation rates of proteins.The ultracentrifuge was later used to isolate subcellular fractions.

Which of the following is mismatched?

You are working on a project that involves the direct three-dimensional observation of DNA molecules.The microscope that would give you the best information at this time would be the

Of the following specialized procedures,which may be used with the electron microscope?

The total protein content of the cell is called the ________.

Once a scientific theory becomes a law,it

Jacques Monod and François Jacob deduced the mechanism responsible for the regulation of bacterial gene expression.They are,therefore,responsible for launching the era of

The outcome of the joining of cytology and biochemistry yielded a better understanding of the cell by

Which of the following is smallest?

________ synthesized urea in the laboratory from inorganic starting materials.Much of what is now called ________ dates from this discovery.