Question 1

Match the type of microscopy with the appropriate characteristic.

-Transmission electron microscopy

Accepted Answer

A) uses a laser to view a single plane of a specimen 
B) detects electrons passing through a specimen 
C) light passes directly through specimen 
D) detects electrons deflected from the surface of the specimen 
E) shows specific molecules
F)amplifies variations in density 
A) uses a laser to view a single plane of a specimen 
B) detects electrons passing through a specimen 
C) light passes directly through specimen 
D) detects electrons deflected from the surface of the specimen 
E) shows specific molecules
F)amplifies variations in density

Question 2

Which of the following is closest to a micrometer in size?

Accepted Answer

A) the width of a strand of DNA 
B) the length of a plant cell 
C) the length of a chicken egg 
D) a typical bacterial cell 
E) the size of a ribosome 
A) the width of a strand of DNA 
B) the length of a plant cell 
C) the length of a chicken egg 
D) a typical bacterial cell 
E) the size of a ribosome

Question 3

The following paragraph describes the activities of hypothetical scientists.After reading this paragraph,list the steps of the scientific method,and list the activities that correspond to the steps of the scientific method.
A rancher noticed that several grazing animals had become sick after grazing in a new area.The rancher asked a team of scientists to analyze this problem.They visited the area and found that the food available to the animals was similar to the food they had been eating.The water supply in the area was adequate but limited to a single spring.Some of the scientists felt that the water might be contaminated with a pathogen.Therefore,they collected water samples from the spring in the new area and compared them with water samples taken from previous grazing sites.The scientists noticed that water from the new area was cloudier than water obtained from other areas.Culturing this water revealed that a pathogenic strain of bacteria was present.This bacterial strain was found to be identical to a strain obtained from sick animals.This strain was not present in healthy animals.They concluded that a contaminated water supply in the new area was responsible for the problem and instructed the rancher to avoid the water supply.The disease was not found in the rancher's livestock again.

Accepted Answer

(Answers may vary.)
Observation.The ranc

Question 4

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)is especially suited to

Accepted Answer

A) observe living specimens. 
B) examine internal cellular structure. 
C) create a sense of depth. 
D) both choices A and C 
E) choices A, B, and C 
A) observe living specimens. 
B) examine internal cellular structure. 
C) create a sense of depth. 
D) both choices A and C 
E) choices A, B, and C

Question 5

Early microscopes did not allow clear visualization of cells because they were limited by

Accepted Answer

A) magnification. 
B) number of kernels. 
C) resolution. 
D) refraction. 
E) both choices A and C 
A) magnification. 
B) number of kernels. 
C) resolution. 
D) refraction. 
E) both choices A and C

Question 6

Which of the following can only be viewed by electron microscopy?

Accepted Answer

A) frog eggs 
B) viruses 
C) nuclei 
D) mitochondria 
E) bacteria 
A) frog eggs 
B) viruses 
C) nuclei 
D) mitochondria 
E) bacteria

Question 7

When scientists use the scientific method,they use terms to indicate their degree of certainty.Which of the following terms conveys the least degree of certainty?

Accepted Answer

A) theory 
B) hypothesis 
C) law 
D) both hypothesis and theory 
E) both theory and law 
A) theory 
B) hypothesis 
C) law 
D) both hypothesis and theory 
E) both theory and law

Question 8

Which of the following is false of brightfield microscopy?

Accepted Answer

A) White light is utilized. 
B) Light passes through the object being examined. 
C) Phase-contrast microscopy is a variant of brightfield microscopy. 
D) Specimens are always viewed without being stained. 
E) Specimens usually must be fixed. 
A) White light is utilized. 
B) Light passes through the object being examined. 
C) Phase-contrast microscopy is a variant of brightfield microscopy. 
D) Specimens are always viewed without being stained. 
E) Specimens usually must be fixed.

Question 9

The ________ was developed in the late 1920s by Theodore Svedberg.He originally used it to determine the sedimentation rate of proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ was developed in the late...

Question 10

In studying osteoporosis in humans,you wish to test a newly designed treatment for efficacy.Your best choice for a model organism would be

Accepted Answer

A) Escherichia coli. 
B) Mus musculus. 
C) Caenorhabditis elegans. 
D) Arabidopsis thaliana. 
E) Pisum sativum. 
A) Escherichia coli. 
B) Mus musculus. 
C) Caenorhabditis elegans. 
D) Arabidopsis thaliana. 
E) Pisum sativum.

Question 11

1 mm = ________ nm

Accepted Answer

A) 1,000,000 
B) 1000 
C) 10 
D) 1/1000 
E) 1/1,000,000 
A) 1,000,000 
B) 1000 
C) 10 
D) 1/1000 
E) 1/1,000,000

Question 12

Which of the following is an important characteristic for a model organism?

Accepted Answer

A) marginally characterized 
B) difficult to manipulate in the laboratory 
C) prone to random changes that alter primary characteristics 
D) widely studied 
E) all of the above 
A) marginally characterized 
B) difficult to manipulate in the laboratory 
C) prone to random changes that alter primary characteristics 
D) widely studied 
E) all of the above

Question 13

In 1665,________ used a microscope that he had built to examine thin slices of ________.While examining this material,he observed tiny compartments that he called cellulae.

Accepted Answer

A) Theodor Schwann; animal tissue 
B) Robert Hooke; cork 
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells 
D) Robert Brown; plant material 
E) Rudolf Virchow; collagen 
A) Theodor Schwann; animal tissue 
B) Robert Hooke; cork 
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells 
D) Robert Brown; plant material 
E) Rudolf Virchow; collagen

Question 14

The classic work of Friedrich Wöhler (1828)that united the fields of biology and chemistry was based on the

Accepted Answer

A) discovery of yeast ferments. 
B) production of urea in the laboratory. 
C) discovery of ATP. 
D) identification of nucleotide bases. 
E) analysis of gene segregation. 
A) discovery of yeast ferments. 
B) production of urea in the laboratory. 
C) discovery of ATP. 
D) identification of nucleotide bases. 
E) analysis of gene segregation.

Question 15

To be useful to scientists,a hypothesis must be ________; in other words,the hypothesis must be able to be confirmed or discredited.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To be useful to scientists,a hypothesis must...

Question 16

A scientific ________ must be so thoroughly confirmed that virtually no doubt remains about its accuracy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A scientific ________ must be so thoroughly...

Question 17

Which of the following is true of a nanometer?

Accepted Answer

A) A nanometer is about the size of a common bacterial cell. 
B) A nanometer is one millionth of a meter. 
C) A nanometer is equivalent to 10 Angstroms (Å). 
D) The nanometer is the most common measurement used in measuring whole cells. 
E) none of the above 
A) A nanometer is about the size of a common bacterial cell. 
B) A nanometer is one millionth of a meter. 
C) A nanometer is equivalent to 10 Angstroms (Å). 
D) The nanometer is the most common measurement used in measuring whole cells. 
E) none of the above

Question 18

The Latin phrase omnis cellula e cellula refers to a cellular principle.Which of the following statements is the best translation of this phrase?

Accepted Answer

A) Tissues are composed of similar cells. 
B) Cells generally are found in clusters. 
C) All cells arise only from preexisting cells. 
D) Organs are composed of tissues and cells. 
E) The cell is the basic unit of structure. 
A) Tissues are composed of similar cells. 
B) Cells generally are found in clusters. 
C) All cells arise only from preexisting cells. 
D) Organs are composed of tissues and cells. 
E) The cell is the basic unit of structure.

Question 19

Match the type of microscopy with the appropriate characteristic.

-Fluorescence

Accepted Answer

A) uses a laser to view a single plane of a specimen 
B) detects electrons passing through a specimen 
C) light passes directly through specimen 
D) detects electrons deflected from the surface of the specimen 
E) shows specific molecules
F)amplifies variations in density 
A) uses a laser to view a single plane of a specimen 
B) detects electrons passing through a specimen 
C) light passes directly through specimen 
D) detects electrons deflected from the surface of the specimen 
E) shows specific molecules
F)amplifies variations in density

Question 20

Match the type of microscopy with the appropriate characteristic.

-Brightfield

Accepted Answer

A) uses a laser to view a single plane of a specimen 
B) detects electrons passing through a specimen 
C) light passes directly through specimen 
D) detects electrons deflected from the surface of the specimen 
E) shows specific molecules
F)amplifies variations in density 
A) uses a laser to view a single plane of a specimen 
B) detects electrons passing through a specimen 
C) light passes directly through specimen 
D) detects electrons deflected from the surface of the specimen 
E) shows specific molecules
F)amplifies variations in density

Exam 1: A Preview of the Cell

Match the type of microscopy with the appropriate characteristic. -Transmission electron microscopy

Which of the following is closest to a micrometer in size?

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)is especially suited to

Early microscopes did not allow clear visualization of cells because they were limited by

Which of the following can only be viewed by electron microscopy?

When scientists use the scientific method,they use terms to indicate their degree of certainty.Which of the following terms conveys the least degree of certainty?

Which of the following is false of brightfield microscopy?

The ________ was developed in the late 1920s by Theodore Svedberg.He originally used it to determine the sedimentation rate of proteins.

In studying osteoporosis in humans,you wish to test a newly designed treatment for efficacy.Your best choice for a model organism would be

1 mm = ________ nm

Which of the following is an important characteristic for a model organism?

In 1665,________ used a microscope that he had built to examine thin slices of ________.While examining this material,he observed tiny compartments that he called cellulae.

The classic work of Friedrich Wöhler (1828)that united the fields of biology and chemistry was based on the

To be useful to scientists,a hypothesis must be ________; in other words,the hypothesis must be able to be confirmed or discredited.

A scientific ________ must be so thoroughly confirmed that virtually no doubt remains about its accuracy.

Which of the following is true of a nanometer?

The Latin phrase omnis cellula e cellula refers to a cellular principle.Which of the following statements is the best translation of this phrase?

Match the type of microscopy with the appropriate characteristic. -Fluorescence

Match the type of microscopy with the appropriate characteristic. -Brightfield

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

Filters

In 1665, used a microscope that he had built to examine thin slices of .While examining this material,he observed tiny compartments that he called cellulae.