Exam 13: Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

________ is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies that are capable of binding acetylcholine receptors.

Multiple sclerosis is a result of

The resting potential of a particular nerve cell is -66 mV.Depolarization of the membrane will shift the membrane potential toward

The parts of the graph indicated at points C,D,and E represent

________ are responsible for the transmission of a signal between two adjacent nerve cells.

You are examining a recently captured organism from another planet and are currently trying to deduce the types of neurotransmitters associated with the propagation of nerve impulses.You discover a very interesting neurotransmitter and find that,in spite of being alien,it is a derivative of the amino acid tyrosine.As a result,this novel neurotransmitter has to be classified as a(n)

An example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter is

Which of the following is a disease specifically caused by an autoimmune response against acetylcholine receptors?

You have prepared lipid micelles that possess a leaky Na+ ion channel,and,for purposes of experimentation,the cytosolic sides of the channels are facing outward. Predict what will happen with the Na⁺ ion movement and the probable impact on the development of an action potential across the micelle membrane if (a)there were an equivalent amounts of Na⁺ ions on both sides of the membrane,(b)a greater Na⁺ ion concentration inside the micelle,and (c)a greater concentration of Na⁺ ions outside the micelle.

Refer to the graph above.At the same time that the stimulus was introduced,a drug that specifically inhibits sodium channels was added to the system.The effect this would have is that the membrane would

Many drugs work by interfering with the inactivation of neurotransmitters once they have been released.What are the two basic mechanisms whereby a drug may interfere in this process? Explain how you would design a potential mechanism for a new drug based on either of these mechanisms.

Based on your knowledge of nerve transmission,this movement of ions will A)stimulate a change in a postsynaptic membrane. B)not stimulate a change in a postsynaptic membrane. C)stimulate a change in a postsynaptic membrane if three channel events are combined. D)stimulate a change in a postsynaptic membrane if 50 channel events are combined. E)generate a current resulting in membrane depolarization.

Acetylcholine receptors can be differentiated by their ability to be activated by substances such as ________ and ________.

Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic nerve terminal

The somatic nervous system controls

At rest,a cell has a ________ charge inside of the cell and a ________ charge outside of the cell.

The stimulus for secretion of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is an increase in

Based on the graph above,after approximately what period of time could another impulse be propagated?

In the graph above,at what point in the action potential will the sodium channels be opened?