Question 1

The chemical energy generated by oxidation reactions cannot be captured by

Accepted Answer

A) NADH. 
B) NADP+. 
C) FMN. 
D) FAD. 
E) Q. 
A) NADH. 
B) NADP+. 
C) FMN. 
D) FAD. 
E) Q.

Question 2

The ability and capacity of coenzymes to become oxidized or reduced (reduction potential)may be found by

Accepted Answer

A) measuring the flow of zinc and copper electrons. 
B) measuring the flow of electrons when compared to hydrogen gas at standard conditions. 
C) measuring the number of H atoms present. 
D) All of the above. 
A) measuring the flow of zinc and copper electrons. 
B) measuring the flow of electrons when compared to hydrogen gas at standard conditions. 
C) measuring the number of H atoms present. 
D) All of the above.

Question 3

Which compound has a greater free energy of hydrolysis than ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose 1-phosphate. 
B) Any phosphoester. 
C) Phosphoenolpyruvate. 
D) Acetyl CoA. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Glucose 1-phosphate. 
B) Any phosphoester. 
C) Phosphoenolpyruvate. 
D) Acetyl CoA. 
E) All of the above.

Question 4

Phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine are ________ that are energy rich phosphate storage molecules found in animal ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphagens;muscle 
B) phosphagens;liver 
C) plasminogens;muscle 
D) plasminogens;liver 
A) phosphagens;muscle 
B) phosphagens;liver 
C) plasminogens;muscle 
D) plasminogens;liver

Question 5

Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolytic removal of phosphate groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which are membrane-associated pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) Electron transport chain in eukaryotes. 
B) Citric acid cycle in bacteria. 
C) Photosynthesis. 
D) Glycolysis. 
E) Both A and C above. 
A) Electron transport chain in eukaryotes. 
B) Citric acid cycle in bacteria. 
C) Photosynthesis. 
D) Glycolysis. 
E) Both A and C above.

Question 7

In theory at least,the energy released by the oxidation of one molecule of NADH is sufficient to form ________ ATP molecule(s).

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 (meaning it takes about 2 NADH to form 1 ATP) 
B) 1 
C) several 
D) about 20 
E) about 50 
A) 0.5 (meaning it takes about 2 NADH to form 1 ATP) 
B) 1 
C) several 
D) about 20 
E) about 50

Question 8

Thioesters are similar to oxygen esters of carboxylic acids except that

Accepted Answer

A) the energy associated with their hydrolysis is much less than that of the phosphoanhydride in ATP. 
B) they are more stable at neutral pH values in cells. 
C) they are less stable because S is present instead of O in the linkage. 
D) they are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. 
E) they are not hydrolyzed enzymatically. 
A) the energy associated with their hydrolysis is much less than that of the phosphoanhydride in ATP. 
B) they are more stable at neutral pH values in cells. 
C) they are less stable because S is present instead of O in the linkage. 
D) they are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. 
E) they are not hydrolyzed enzymatically.

Question 9

When a reduction half-reaction is ________ (negative,positive),electrons flow to the more readily reduced substance which is ________ (negative,positive)in value.

Accepted Answer

A) negative;negative 
B) negative;positive 
C) positive;positive 
D) positive;negative 
A) negative;negative 
B) negative;positive 
C) positive;positive 
D) positive;negative

Question 10

Most of the fundamental metabolic pathways are present in all species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which is not generally a molecule used to conserve energy?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) NADH 
C) FAD 
D) QH² 
A) ATP 
B) NADH 
C) FAD 
D) QH²

Question 12

The most biochemically complex organisms are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) chemoheterotrophs 
B) photoheterotrophs 
C) heterotrophs 
D) autotrophs 
A) chemoheterotrophs 
B) photoheterotrophs 
C) heterotrophs 
D) autotrophs

Question 13

Which statement is false about most metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) Most pathways are reversible under physiological conditions. 
B) Pathways serve to increase the efficiency of energy transfers. 
C) The rates of pathway reactions vary to respond to changing conditions. 
D) The enzymes that catalyze reactions in metabolic pathways generally catalyze only a single step. 
A) Most pathways are reversible under physiological conditions. 
B) Pathways serve to increase the efficiency of energy transfers. 
C) The rates of pathway reactions vary to respond to changing conditions. 
D) The enzymes that catalyze reactions in metabolic pathways generally catalyze only a single step.

Question 14

The glycolytic pathway oxidizes glucose to two molecules of pyruvate and also produces a net of two molecules of ATP.ATP allosterically inhibits the enzyme,PFK-1,that catalyzes the third step of glycolysis.This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) feed-forward activation 
B) feedback inhibition 
C) negative cooperativity 
D) competitive inhibition 
A) feed-forward activation 
B) feedback inhibition 
C) negative cooperativity 
D) competitive inhibition

Question 15

Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the ________,while fatty acid breakdown occurs in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol;mitochondria 
B) cytosol;nucleus 
C) mitochondria;cytosol 
D) Golgi apparatus;cytosol 
A) cytosol;mitochondria 
B) cytosol;nucleus 
C) mitochondria;cytosol 
D) Golgi apparatus;cytosol

Question 16

ATP has the highest possible standard free energy of hydrolysis in cells;therefore it is the most energy-rich compound in living systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An organism that uses organic molecules as carbon sources and obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules is a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) photoautotroph 
B) chemoautotroph 
C) photoheterotroph 
D) chemoheterotroph 
A) photoautotroph 
B) chemoautotroph 
C) photoheterotroph 
D) chemoheterotroph

Question 18

Intermediary metabolism is the term applied to reactions that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) degrade molecules 
B) synthesize large molecules such as proteins 
C) convert glucose to pyruvate 
D) involve low molecular weight metabolites 
A) degrade molecules 
B) synthesize large molecules such as proteins 
C) convert glucose to pyruvate 
D) involve low molecular weight metabolites

Question 19

The standard potential for electron transfer can be related to the standard free-energy change for redox reactions by using

Accepted Answer

A) a calorimeter. 
B) an electrochemical cell. 
C) two solutions separated by a salt bridge. 
D) the Nernst equation. 
E) the Faraday equation. 
A) a calorimeter. 
B) an electrochemical cell. 
C) two solutions separated by a salt bridge. 
D) the Nernst equation. 
E) the Faraday equation.

Question 20

Bacteria that degrade oil at great depths in offshore waters have most likely evolved new pathways and ________ by modifying existing ones.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) duplicate factors 
C) cofactors 
D) enzymes 
A) DNA 
B) duplicate factors 
C) cofactors 
D) enzymes

Exam 10: Introduction to Metabolism

The chemical energy generated by oxidation reactions cannot be captured by

The ability and capacity of coenzymes to become oxidized or reduced (reduction potential)may be found by

Which compound has a greater free energy of hydrolysis than ATP?

Phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine are ________ that are energy rich phosphate storage molecules found in animal ________ cells.

Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolytic removal of phosphate groups.

Which are membrane-associated pathways?

In theory at least,the energy released by the oxidation of one molecule of NADH is sufficient to form ________ ATP molecule(s).

Thioesters are similar to oxygen esters of carboxylic acids except that

When a reduction half-reaction is ________ (negative,positive),electrons flow to the more readily reduced substance which is ________ (negative,positive)in value.

Most of the fundamental metabolic pathways are present in all species.

Which is not generally a molecule used to conserve energy?

The most biochemically complex organisms are ________.

Which statement is false about most metabolic pathways?

The glycolytic pathway oxidizes glucose to two molecules of pyruvate and also produces a net of two molecules of ATP.ATP allosterically inhibits the enzyme,PFK-1,that catalyzes the third step of glycolysis.This is an example of ________.

Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the ________,while fatty acid breakdown occurs in the ________.

ATP has the highest possible standard free energy of hydrolysis in cells;therefore it is the most energy-rich compound in living systems.

An organism that uses organic molecules as carbon sources and obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules is a(n)________.

Intermediary metabolism is the term applied to reactions that ________.

The standard potential for electron transfer can be related to the standard free-energy change for redox reactions by using

Bacteria that degrade oil at great depths in offshore waters have most likely evolved new pathways and ________ by modifying existing ones.

Introduction to Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids and the Primary Structures of Proteins

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function

Properties of Enzymes

Mechanisms of Enzymes

Coenzymes and Vitamins

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Membranes

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and Glycogen Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Atp Synthesis

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acids

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Transcription and RNA Processing

Protein Synthesis

Filters

Phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine are that are energy rich phosphate storage molecules found in animal cells.

When a reduction half-reaction is (negative,positive),electrons flow to the more readily reduced substance which is (negative,positive)in value.

Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the ,while fatty acid breakdown occurs in the .