Question 1

The disease osteomalacia causes calcium loss from the skeleton, which would result in bones that are

Accepted Answer

A)  more resistant to compression. 
B)  stronger and heavier. 
C)  stronger and contain more spongy bone. 
D)  weaker and more flexible. 
E)  weaker and more brittle. 
A)  more resistant to compression. 
B)  stronger and heavier. 
C)  stronger and contain more spongy bone. 
D)  weaker and more flexible. 
E)  weaker and more brittle.

Question 2

Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the

Accepted Answer

A)  osteolytic cells. 
B)  osteoclasts. 
C)  osteoblasts. 
D)  osteocytes. 
E)  osteogenic cells. 
A)  osteolytic cells. 
B)  osteoclasts. 
C)  osteoblasts. 
D)  osteocytes. 
E)  osteogenic cells.

Question 3

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal epiphysis. 
B)  periosteum. 
C)  metaphysis. 
D)  distal epiphysis. 
E)  diaphysis. 
A)  proximal epiphysis. 
B)  periosteum. 
C)  metaphysis. 
D)  distal epiphysis. 
E)  diaphysis.

Question 4

What is the difference between ossification and calcification?

Accepted Answer

Ossification means specificall

Question 5

During appositional growth,

Accepted Answer

A)  bones grow longer. 
B)  bones grow wider. 
C)  cartilage replaces bone. 
D)  the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis. 
E)  compact bone replaces spongy bone. 
A)  bones grow longer. 
B)  bones grow wider. 
C)  cartilage replaces bone. 
D)  the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis. 
E)  compact bone replaces spongy bone.

Question 6

Figure 6-2 Endochondral Ossification
  
Use Figure 6-2 to answer the following question(s):
-What type of tissue occurs at #1?

Accepted Answer

A)  elastic tissue 
B)  fibrocartilage 
C)  bone 
D)  hyaline cartilage 
E)  marrow tissue 
A)  elastic tissue 
B)  fibrocartilage 
C)  bone 
D)  hyaline cartilage 
E)  marrow tissue

Question 7

A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a ________ fracture.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pott's 
B)  Long's 
C)  tarsal 
D)  common 
E)  Colles 
A)  Pott's 
B)  Long's 
C)  tarsal 
D)  common 
E)  Colles

Question 8

Why does osteoporosis affect more women than men?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women typically do not get enough calcium in their diet. 
B)  Men do not remodel the skeleton as fast as women. 
C)  Pregnancy causes deossification of bones in women and will lead to osteoporosis. 
D)  Men exercise more than women and therefore have less osteoporosis. 
E)  Women have a decrease in sex hormones after menopause. 
A)  Women typically do not get enough calcium in their diet. 
B)  Men do not remodel the skeleton as fast as women. 
C)  Pregnancy causes deossification of bones in women and will lead to osteoporosis. 
D)  Men exercise more than women and therefore have less osteoporosis. 
E)  Women have a decrease in sex hormones after menopause.

Question 9

Layers of bony matrix at the outer and inner surfaces of bone and covered by the periosteum and the endosteum are

Accepted Answer

A)  concentric lamellae. 
B)  osteons. 
C)  Haversian systems. 
D)  interstitial lamellae. 
E)  circumferential lamellae. 
A)  concentric lamellae. 
B)  osteons. 
C)  Haversian systems. 
D)  interstitial lamellae. 
E)  circumferential lamellae.

Question 10

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclast 
B)  osteolytic 
C)  mesenchymal 
D)  osteoblast 
E)  osteocyte 
A)  osteoclast 
B)  osteolytic 
C)  mesenchymal 
D)  osteoblast 
E)  osteocyte

Question 11

What is osteopenia? Name and define two forms of osteopenia.

Accepted Answer

Osteopenia is a general term for reduced

Question 12

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylation 
B)  resorption 
C)  ossification 
D)  osteopropagation 
E)  remodeling 
A)  phosphorylation 
B)  resorption 
C)  ossification 
D)  osteopropagation 
E)  remodeling

Question 13

Which statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite. 
B)  Calcium is secreted by osteoblasts into the matrix. 
C)  Once deposited, calcium cannot be removed from bone. 
D)  Calcium provides flexibility to the bone matrix. 
E)  Calcium is the organic part of the matrix. 
A)  Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite. 
B)  Calcium is secreted by osteoblasts into the matrix. 
C)  Once deposited, calcium cannot be removed from bone. 
D)  Calcium provides flexibility to the bone matrix. 
E)  Calcium is the organic part of the matrix.

Question 14

The trabeculae of spongy bone

Accepted Answer

A)  are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone. 
B)  are organized along stress lines. 
C)  are composed mostly of cartilage. 
D)  will collapse under stress. 
E)  are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis. 
A)  are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone. 
B)  are organized along stress lines. 
C)  are composed mostly of cartilage. 
D)  will collapse under stress. 
E)  are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis.

Question 15

A fracture of the bone across its long axis is called a ________ fracture.

Accepted Answer

A)  comminuted 
B)  greenstick 
C)  compression 
D)  transverse 
E)  spiral 
A)  comminuted 
B)  greenstick 
C)  compression 
D)  transverse 
E)  spiral

Question 16

The superficial membrane of a bone is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  endosteum. 
B)  ectosteum. 
C)  cortical membrane. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  osteoid collar. 
A)  endosteum. 
B)  ectosteum. 
C)  cortical membrane. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  osteoid collar.

Question 17

A ________ is a large rough proximal projection on a bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  ramus 
B)  trochanter 
C)  tuberosity 
D)  tubercle 
E)  condyle 
A)  ramus 
B)  trochanter 
C)  tuberosity 
D)  tubercle 
E)  condyle

Question 18

Bones that have thin parallel surfaces are

Accepted Answer

A)  long bones. 
B)  flat bones. 
C)  sesamoid bones. 
D)  short bones. 
E)  irregular bones. 
A)  long bones. 
B)  flat bones. 
C)  sesamoid bones. 
D)  short bones. 
E)  irregular bones.

Question 19

A ________ fracture shatters the bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  comminuted 
B)  greenstick 
C)  compression 
D)  transverse 
E)  spiral 
A)  comminuted 
B)  greenstick 
C)  compression 
D)  transverse 
E)  spiral

Question 20

How is vitamin D (vitamin D3) related to calcium homeostasis in bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin D provides a framework for calcium in the matrix. 
B)  Vitamin D is regulated by osteoclast activity. 
C)  Vitamin D is produced by osteoblasts during endochondral ossification. 
D)  Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract. 
E)  Vitamin D replaces calcium in the skeleton. 
A)  Vitamin D provides a framework for calcium in the matrix. 
B)  Vitamin D is regulated by osteoclast activity. 
C)  Vitamin D is produced by osteoblasts during endochondral ossification. 
D)  Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract. 
E)  Vitamin D replaces calcium in the skeleton.

Exam 6: Bones and Bone Structure

The disease osteomalacia causes calcium loss from the skeleton, which would result in bones that are

Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the

What is the difference between ossification and calcification?

During appositional growth,

Figure 6-2 Endochondral Ossification Use Figure 6-2 to answer the following question(s): -What type of tissue occurs at #1?

A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a ________ fracture.

Why does osteoporosis affect more women than men?

Layers of bony matrix at the outer and inner surfaces of bone and covered by the periosteum and the endosteum are

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.

What is osteopenia? Name and define two forms of osteopenia.

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone.

Which statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix?

The trabeculae of spongy bone

A fracture of the bone across its long axis is called a ________ fracture.

The superficial membrane of a bone is called the

A ________ is a large rough proximal projection on a bone.

Bones that have thin parallel surfaces are

A ________ fracture shatters the bone.

How is vitamin D (vitamin D3) related to calcium homeostasis in bone?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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