Question 1

________ prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints.

Accepted Answer

A)  A synovial membrane 
B)  Elastic cartilage 
C)  A serous membrane 
D)  Articular cartilage 
E)  Serous fluid 
A)  A synovial membrane 
B)  Elastic cartilage 
C)  A serous membrane 
D)  Articular cartilage 
E)  Serous fluid

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteocytes maintain protein and mineral content of matrix. 
B)  Osteocytes take part in repair of damaged bone. 
C)  Osteocytes form cytoplasmic extensions within canaliculi. 
D)  Osteocytes are located within lacunae. 
E)  Osteocytes have 50 or more nuclei. 
A)  Osteocytes maintain protein and mineral content of matrix. 
B)  Osteocytes take part in repair of damaged bone. 
C)  Osteocytes form cytoplasmic extensions within canaliculi. 
D)  Osteocytes are located within lacunae. 
E)  Osteocytes have 50 or more nuclei.

Question 3

Calcitonin does all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  increase bone deposition. 
B)  inhibit osteoclasts. 
C)  cause kidneys to excrete calcium. 
D)  cause less calcitriol to be secreted. 
E)  increase its level in pregnant women. 
A)  increase bone deposition. 
B)  inhibit osteoclasts. 
C)  cause kidneys to excrete calcium. 
D)  cause less calcitriol to be secreted. 
E)  increase its level in pregnant women.

Question 4

________ hormones stimulate osteoblasts to produce bone matrix.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sex 
B)  Growth 
C)  Thyroid 
D)  Parathyroid 
E)  Pancreatic 
A)  Sex 
B)  Growth 
C)  Thyroid 
D)  Parathyroid 
E)  Pancreatic

Question 5

Which hormone increases calcium and phosphate ion absorption by the intestines?

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  calcitriol 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  estrogen 
A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  calcitriol 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  estrogen

Question 6

A child with rickets often has

Accepted Answer

A)  oversized facial bones. 
B)  long fingers. 
C)  frequent bruises. 
D)  bowed legs. 
E)  inadequate muscle development. 
A)  oversized facial bones. 
B)  long fingers. 
C)  frequent bruises. 
D)  bowed legs. 
E)  inadequate muscle development.

Question 7

The following are major steps in the process of intramembranous ossification:
1) Clusters of osteoblasts form osteoid that becomes mineralized.
2) Osteoblasts differentiate within mesenchymal connective tissue.
3) Spicules of bone radiate out from the ossification centers.
4) Mesenchymal cells aggregate.
What is the correct order for these events?

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 1, 2, 3 
B)  2, 1, 3, 4 
C)  4, 2, 1, 3 
D)  2, 3, 1, 4 
E)  3, 4, 2, 1 
A)  4, 1, 2, 3 
B)  2, 1, 3, 4 
C)  4, 2, 1, 3 
D)  2, 3, 1, 4 
E)  3, 4, 2, 1

Question 8

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-Select the correct words for the following sentence: The (endosteum/periosteum) covers the superficial layerof compact bone and is made up of (the fibrous and cellular layers/osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes). (Figure 6-10)

Accepted Answer

A)  periosteum; fibrous and cellular layers 
B)  endosteum; fibrous and cellular layers 
C)  periosteum; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes 
D)  endosteum; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes 
E)  endosteum and periosteum; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes 
A)  periosteum; fibrous and cellular layers 
B)  endosteum; fibrous and cellular layers 
C)  periosteum; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes 
D)  endosteum; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes 
E)  endosteum and periosteum; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes

Question 9

After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyseal plate. 
B)  external callus. 
C)  dense tuberosity. 
D)  condyle. 
E)  fracture facet. 
A)  epiphyseal plate. 
B)  external callus. 
C)  dense tuberosity. 
D)  condyle. 
E)  fracture facet.

Question 10

Osteoclast-activating factor does all of the following except that it

Accepted Answer

A)  is released in large amounts early in life. 
B)  increases the number of osteoclasts. 
C)  increases the activity of osteoclasts. 
D)  produces a severe osteoporosis. 
E)  is released by some cancer tumors. 
A)  is released in large amounts early in life. 
B)  increases the number of osteoclasts. 
C)  increases the activity of osteoclasts. 
D)  produces a severe osteoporosis. 
E)  is released by some cancer tumors.

Question 11

The process by which osteoblasts add layers to circumferential lamellae is

Accepted Answer

A)  appositional growth. 
B)  interstitial growth. 
C)  intramembranous growth. 
D)  endochondral ossification. 
E)  epiphyseal ossification. 
A)  appositional growth. 
B)  interstitial growth. 
C)  intramembranous growth. 
D)  endochondral ossification. 
E)  epiphyseal ossification.

Question 12

The femur can withstand ________ times the body's weight without breaking.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  5 to 10 
C)  8 
D)  10 to 15 
E)  30 
A)  3 
B)  5 to 10 
C)  8 
D)  10 to 15 
E)  30

Question 13

Which of following is a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

A)  body support 
B)  calcium homeostasis 
C)  protection of internal organs 
D)  blood cell production 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  body support 
B)  calcium homeostasis 
C)  protection of internal organs 
D)  blood cell production 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

An open or ________ fracture projects through the skin.

Accepted Answer

A)  external 
B)  exposed 
C)  complex 
D)  compound 
E)  complicated 
A)  external 
B)  exposed 
C)  complex 
D)  compound 
E)  complicated

Question 15

Suppose that epiphyseal lines appear in a 10-year-old's long bones. Which of the following statements is, therefore, true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible. 
B)  Administration of growth hormone will stimulate future bone growth in length. 
C)  Osteoclasts will dissolve the metaphysis so length growth can continue until adulthood. 
D)  More growth will occur during the teenage years as sex hormones stimulate rebuilding of growth plates. 
E)  Intramembranous ossification will enable further growth in length. 
A)  The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible. 
B)  Administration of growth hormone will stimulate future bone growth in length. 
C)  Osteoclasts will dissolve the metaphysis so length growth can continue until adulthood. 
D)  More growth will occur during the teenage years as sex hormones stimulate rebuilding of growth plates. 
E)  Intramembranous ossification will enable further growth in length.

Question 16

Bones that are relatively long and slender, consisting of a shaft with two ends are

Accepted Answer

A)  long bones. 
B)  flat bones. 
C)  sesamoid bones. 
D)  short bones. 
E)  irregular bones. 
A)  long bones. 
B)  flat bones. 
C)  sesamoid bones. 
D)  short bones. 
E)  irregular bones.

Question 17

In normal adult bones,

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no turnover of minerals. 
B)  a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year. 
C)  osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed. 
D)  osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases. 
E)  exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling. 
A)  there is no turnover of minerals. 
B)  a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year. 
C)  osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed. 
D)  osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases. 
E)  exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling.

Question 18

Which of following is/are produced from the monocyte stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblasts 
B)  osteoclasts 
C)  osteocytes 
D)  osteoprogenitor cells 
E)  osteogenic cells 
A)  osteoblasts 
B)  osteoclasts 
C)  osteocytes 
D)  osteoprogenitor cells 
E)  osteogenic cells

Question 19

Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways except

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating osteoclast activity. 
B)  increasing the rate of calcium absorption. 
C)  decreasing the rate of calcium excretion. 
D)  raising the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
E)  inhibiting calcitonin secretion. 
A)  stimulating osteoclast activity. 
B)  increasing the rate of calcium absorption. 
C)  decreasing the rate of calcium excretion. 
D)  raising the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
E)  inhibiting calcitonin secretion.

Question 20

RANKL or receptor activators of nuclear factor kB

Accepted Answer

A)  are receptors that bind directly to PTH. 
B)  are found on the surface of osteoclasts. 
C)  are molecules that cause osteoblasts to lay down bone. 
D)  is a signal molecule that stimulates osteoclasts development. 
E)  causes calcium to be excreted by the kidneys. 
A)  are receptors that bind directly to PTH. 
B)  are found on the surface of osteoclasts. 
C)  are molecules that cause osteoblasts to lay down bone. 
D)  is a signal molecule that stimulates osteoclasts development. 
E)  causes calcium to be excreted by the kidneys.

Exam 6: Bones and Bone Structure

________ prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints.

Which of the following is not true of osteocytes?

Calcitonin does all of the following except

________ hormones stimulate osteoblasts to produce bone matrix.

Which hormone increases calcium and phosphate ion absorption by the intestines?

A child with rickets often has

In-Text Figure Based Questions -Select the correct words for the following sentence: The (endosteum/periosteum) covers the superficial layerof compact bone and is made up of (the fibrous and cellular layers/osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes). (Figure 6-10)

After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called the

Osteoclast-activating factor does all of the following except that it

The process by which osteoblasts add layers to circumferential lamellae is

The femur can withstand ________ times the body's weight without breaking.

Which of following is a function of the skeletal system?

An open or ________ fracture projects through the skin.

Suppose that epiphyseal lines appear in a 10-year-old's long bones. Which of the following statements is, therefore, true?

Bones that are relatively long and slender, consisting of a shaft with two ends are

In normal adult bones,

Which of following is/are produced from the monocyte stem cells?

Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways except

RANKL or receptor activators of nuclear factor kB

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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