Question 1

How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bone would be less flexible. 
B)  The bone would be stronger. 
C)  The bone would be more brittle. 
D)  The bone would be more flexible. 
E)  The bone would be more compressible. 
A)  The bone would be less flexible. 
B)  The bone would be stronger. 
C)  The bone would be more brittle. 
D)  The bone would be more flexible. 
E)  The bone would be more compressible.

Question 2

The condition known as osteopenia

Accepted Answer

A)  affects mostly women. 
B)  causes a gradual reduction in bone mass. 
C)  is caused by too much vitamin D in the diet. 
D)  is rarely seen as people age. 
E)  only affects the femur. 
A)  affects mostly women. 
B)  causes a gradual reduction in bone mass. 
C)  is caused by too much vitamin D in the diet. 
D)  is rarely seen as people age. 
E)  only affects the femur.

Question 3

Bone is composed of ________ percent cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  25 
B)  10 
C)  2 
D)  15 
E)  50 
A)  25 
B)  10 
C)  2 
D)  15 
E)  50

Question 4

Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings ofosteoporosis. Her physician suggests nutritional therapy. What might she recommend for Mary?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin C 
B)  vitamin D 
C)  calcium supplements 
D)  dairy products 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  vitamin C 
B)  vitamin D 
C)  calcium supplements 
D)  dairy products 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a

Accepted Answer

A)  crest. 
B)  ridge. 
C)  head. 
D)  condyle. 
E)  trochlea. 
A)  crest. 
B)  ridge. 
C)  head. 
D)  condyle. 
E)  trochlea.

Question 6

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis that is separated from the shaft by a narrower neck is calleda

Accepted Answer

A)  head. 
B)  crown. 
C)  capitulum. 
D)  corona. 
E)  bulb. 
A)  head. 
B)  crown. 
C)  capitulum. 
D)  corona. 
E)  bulb.

Question 7

The ________ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.

Accepted Answer

A)  collagen-fiber 
B)  protein-crystal 
C)  mineral-crystal 
D)  protein-protein 
E)  hydroxyapatite-crystal 
A)  collagen-fiber 
B)  protein-crystal 
C)  mineral-crystal 
D)  protein-protein 
E)  hydroxyapatite-crystal

Question 8

Todd is 13 and lives in an urban apartment. He spends most of his time watching TV and eating "junk" food. One afternoon, during recess, he falls on the playground and breaks his leg. Although he appears to be healthy, his leg takes longer to heal than expected. What might be the cause of the longer healing time?

Accepted Answer

Assuming that there is no other disease

Question 9

________ fibers are stronger than steel when stretched.

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Mineral 
C)  Elastic 
D)  Carbon 
E)  Collagen 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Mineral 
C)  Elastic 
D)  Carbon 
E)  Collagen

Question 10

A lack of exercise could

Accepted Answer

A)  cause bones to become thicker. 
B)  cause bones to store more calcium. 
C)  result in porous and weak bones. 
D)  cause bones to become longer. 
E)  cause bones to lose their medullary cavity. 
A)  cause bones to become thicker. 
B)  cause bones to store more calcium. 
C)  result in porous and weak bones. 
D)  cause bones to become longer. 
E)  cause bones to lose their medullary cavity.

Question 11

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-What gland responds when the blood calcium level is too low? (Figure 6-16a)

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid gland 
B)  adrenal gland 
C)  parathyroid gland 
D)  pituitary gland 
E)  hypothalamus 
A)  thyroid gland 
B)  adrenal gland 
C)  parathyroid gland 
D)  pituitary gland 
E)  hypothalamus

Question 12

A fracture that affects the malleolus on both lower leg bones is called a ________ fracture.

Accepted Answer

A)  carpal 
B)  Pott's 
C)  Colles 
D)  complex 
E)  double-split 
A)  carpal 
B)  Pott's 
C)  Colles 
D)  complex 
E)  double-split

Question 13

Adipose tissue is stored within the

Accepted Answer

A)  medullary cavity. 
B)  metaphysis. 
C)  spongy bone. 
D)  epiphysis. 
E)  diaphysis. 
A)  medullary cavity. 
B)  metaphysis. 
C)  spongy bone. 
D)  epiphysis. 
E)  diaphysis.

Question 14

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  patella 
B)  frontal 
C)  vertebra 
D)  metatarsal 
E)  ulna 
A)  patella 
B)  frontal 
C)  vertebra 
D)  metatarsal 
E)  ulna

Question 15

________ are stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoclasts 
B)  Osteocytes 
C)  Osteomedullary cells 
D)  Osteogenic cells 
E)  Osteoid cells 
A)  Osteoclasts 
B)  Osteocytes 
C)  Osteomedullary cells 
D)  Osteogenic cells 
E)  Osteoid cells

Question 16

Figure 6-1 The Structure of Compact Bone

Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions:
-Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 17

________, or closed, fracture does not break the skin.

Accepted Answer

A)  plain 
B)  internal 
C)  simple 
D)  contained 
E)  common 
A)  plain 
B)  internal 
C)  simple 
D)  contained 
E)  common

Question 18

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes. 
B)  osteoprogenitor cells. 
C)  osteoblasts. 
D)  osteoclasts. 
E)  osteoid cells. 
A)  osteocytes. 
B)  osteoprogenitor cells. 
C)  osteoblasts. 
D)  osteoclasts. 
E)  osteoid cells.

Question 19

The hormone calcitonin functions to

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate osteoclast activity. 
B)  decrease the rate of calcium excretion. 
C)  decrease the rate of calcium absorption. 
D)  decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
E)  stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts. 
A)  stimulate osteoclast activity. 
B)  decrease the rate of calcium excretion. 
C)  decrease the rate of calcium absorption. 
D)  decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
E)  stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.

Question 20

A rounded passage or hole through a bone is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  ramus. 
B)  foramen. 
C)  linea. 
D)  tubercle. 
E)  facet. 
A)  ramus. 
B)  foramen. 
C)  linea. 
D)  tubercle. 
E)  facet.

Exam 6: Bones and Bone Structure

How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

The condition known as osteopenia

Bone is composed of ________ percent cells.

Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings ofosteoporosis. Her physician suggests nutritional therapy. What might she recommend for Mary?

The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis that is separated from the shaft by a narrower neck is calleda

The ________ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.

________ fibers are stronger than steel when stretched.

A lack of exercise could

In-Text Figure Based Questions -What gland responds when the blood calcium level is too low? (Figure 6-16a)

A fracture that affects the malleolus on both lower leg bones is called a ________ fracture.

Adipose tissue is stored within the

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?

________ are stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.

Figure 6-1 The Structure of Compact Bone Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions: -Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone?

________, or closed, fracture does not break the skin.

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called

The hormone calcitonin functions to

A rounded passage or hole through a bone is called a

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters