Question 1

Duration of action is the time between the _____ of action and _____ of drug action.

Accepted Answer

A) mechanism,duration 
B) onset,discontinuation 
C) duration,concentration 
D) onset,mechanism 
A) mechanism,duration 
B) onset,discontinuation 
C) duration,concentration 
D) onset,mechanism B

Question 2

MATCHING
Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description.
-Adverse effects reported in animal fetus;information in humans is not available.

Accepted Answer

A) Category A 
B) Category B 
C) Category C 
D) Category D 
E) Category X 
A) Category A 
B) Category B 
C) Category C 
D) Category D 
E) Category X C

Question 3

Of the following doses,which would have a longer half-life?

Accepted Answer

A) One tablet every day 
B) One tablet twice daily 
C) One tablet three times a day 
D) One tablet four times a day 
A) One tablet every day 
B) One tablet twice daily 
C) One tablet three times a day 
D) One tablet four times a day A

Question 4

Which of the following allows for the greatest absorption of an orally administered drug?

Accepted Answer

A) Small intestine 
B) Large intestine 
C) Liver 
D) Pancreas 
A) Small intestine 
B) Large intestine 
C) Liver 
D) Pancreas

Question 5

What could be a benefit of a nonionized drug when being eliminated?

Accepted Answer

A) The liver would not be able to release the necessary metabolizing enzymes. 
B) It would be reabsorbed into circulation to prolong its effects. 
C) It would be easily eliminated from circulation through the urine. 
D) It would not be subject to the "first-pass effect." 
A) The liver would not be able to release the necessary metabolizing enzymes. 
B) It would be reabsorbed into circulation to prolong its effects. 
C) It would be easily eliminated from circulation through the urine. 
D) It would not be subject to the "first-pass effect."

Question 6

Passive transport takes energy and requires special carrier proteins or pumps so that the drug can be carried across the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following would be classified as pharmaceutical alternatives for Procardia (nifedipine)?

Accepted Answer

A) Procardia 10-mg capsules vs.nifedipine 10-mg capsules 
B) Nifedipine 20-mg gel capsules vs.Procardia 20-mg gel capsules 
C) Procardia 10-mg capsules vs.Procardia XL 30-mg tablets 
D) Nifedipine XL 30-mg capsules vs.Procardia XL 30-mg capsules 
A) Procardia 10-mg capsules vs.nifedipine 10-mg capsules 
B) Nifedipine 20-mg gel capsules vs.Procardia 20-mg gel capsules 
C) Procardia 10-mg capsules vs.Procardia XL 30-mg tablets 
D) Nifedipine XL 30-mg capsules vs.Procardia XL 30-mg capsules

Question 8

MATCHING
Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description.
-Possible fetal risk in humans has been reported;however,considering potential benefit versus risk may,in selected cases,warrant the use of these drugs in pregnant women.

Accepted Answer

A) Category A 
B) Category B 
C) Category C 
D) Category D 
E) Category X 
A) Category A 
B) Category B 
C) Category C 
D) Category D 
E) Category X

Question 9

Why is the route of administration important to the "first-pass effect"?

Accepted Answer

A) The route can help determine if the drug is being taken as prescribed and therefore is overcoming the first-pass effect. 
B) A drug can be significantly reduced to its inactive metabolite before first entering circulation when administered orally. 
C) Drugs administered parenterally are highly subject to the first-pass effect and should therefore be dosed accordingly. 
D) Bioavailability of drug can be greatly reduced when the drug is administered by a route other than orally. 
A) The route can help determine if the drug is being taken as prescribed and therefore is overcoming the first-pass effect. 
B) A drug can be significantly reduced to its inactive metabolite before first entering circulation when administered orally. 
C) Drugs administered parenterally are highly subject to the first-pass effect and should therefore be dosed accordingly. 
D) Bioavailability of drug can be greatly reduced when the drug is administered by a route other than orally.

Question 10

Why would the warning label "Do not take with grapefruit juice" need to be added to a prescription for lovastatin?

Accepted Answer

A) The drug should be taken on an empty stomach. 
B) The drug effect would be increased as a result of inhibition of necessary metabolic enzymes. 
C) The drug effect would be decreased as a result of an increased release of metabolic enzymes. 
D) The drug is not able to produce its effects because the juice inactivates it. 
A) The drug should be taken on an empty stomach. 
B) The drug effect would be increased as a result of inhibition of necessary metabolic enzymes. 
C) The drug effect would be decreased as a result of an increased release of metabolic enzymes. 
D) The drug is not able to produce its effects because the juice inactivates it.

Question 11

Which of the following factors will determine how quickly or slowly a drug is absorbed?

Accepted Answer

A) Ionization of the drug 
B) Kidney disease 
C) Half-life of the drug 
D) Drug dosage form 
A) Ionization of the drug 
B) Kidney disease 
C) Half-life of the drug 
D) Drug dosage form

Question 12

The body has to metabolize most drugs before they are eliminated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Drugs that are administered subcutaneously are completely absorbed into the bloodstream if they are injected directly into the vein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The pharmacokinetic phases control the _____ of the drug's effect and the _____ of the drug action.

Accepted Answer

A) intensity,duration 
B) duration,effect 
C) mechanism,safety 
D) length,efficacy 
A) intensity,duration 
B) duration,effect 
C) mechanism,safety 
D) length,efficacy

Question 15

Using the following table,determine what the drug concentration (X)would be 40 hours after peak concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 2.08 
C) 3.125 
D) 4.17 
A) 0 
B) 2.08 
C) 3.125 
D) 4.17

Question 16

The ability of a drug to diffuse across the cell membrane is dependent upon _____ of the drug and the _____ of the body fluid in which it is dissolved.

Accepted Answer

A) properties,actions 
B) pH,actions 
C) properties,pH 
D) strength,health 
A) properties,actions 
B) pH,actions 
C) properties,pH 
D) strength,health

Question 17

If a prescriber wanted a basic drug to not easily be eliminated from circulation,he or she could prescribe which of the following concurrently?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium bicarbonate 
B) Sodium chloride 
C) Vitamin C 
D) Vitamin B₃ 
A) Sodium bicarbonate 
B) Sodium chloride 
C) Vitamin C 
D) Vitamin B₃

Question 18

Absorption is greatest when the body has a good blood supply in the area where the drug is to be absorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The time it takes for a drug to reach the concentration necessary to produce a therapeutic effect is called the _____ of action.

Accepted Answer

A) duration 
B) mechanism 
C) onset 
D) length 
A) duration 
B) mechanism 
C) onset 
D) length

Question 20

What could be done to increase absorption of an intramuscular injection?

Accepted Answer

A) Cry because the injection hurt. 
B) Apply a cold pack. 
C) Take a nap. 
D) Exercise the muscle. 
A) Cry because the injection hurt. 
B) Apply a cold pack. 
C) Take a nap. 
D) Exercise the muscle.

Exam 2: Principles of Pharmacology

Duration of action is the time between the _____ of action and _____ of drug action.

MATCHING Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description. -Adverse effects reported in animal fetus;information in humans is not available.

Of the following doses,which would have a longer half-life?

Which of the following allows for the greatest absorption of an orally administered drug?

What could be a benefit of a nonionized drug when being eliminated?

Passive transport takes energy and requires special carrier proteins or pumps so that the drug can be carried across the cell membrane.

Which of the following would be classified as pharmaceutical alternatives for Procardia (nifedipine)?

MATCHING Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description. -Possible fetal risk in humans has been reported;however,considering potential benefit versus risk may,in selected cases,warrant the use of these drugs in pregnant women.

Why is the route of administration important to the "first-pass effect"?

Why would the warning label "Do not take with grapefruit juice" need to be added to a prescription for lovastatin?

Which of the following factors will determine how quickly or slowly a drug is absorbed?

The body has to metabolize most drugs before they are eliminated.

Drugs that are administered subcutaneously are completely absorbed into the bloodstream if they are injected directly into the vein.

The pharmacokinetic phases control the _____ of the drug's effect and the _____ of the drug action.

Using the following table,determine what the drug concentration (X)would be 40 hours after peak concentration.

The ability of a drug to diffuse across the cell membrane is dependent upon _____ of the drug and the _____ of the body fluid in which it is dissolved.

If a prescriber wanted a basic drug to not easily be eliminated from circulation,he or she could prescribe which of the following concurrently?

Absorption is greatest when the body has a good blood supply in the area where the drug is to be absorbed.

The time it takes for a drug to reach the concentration necessary to produce a therapeutic effect is called the _____ of action.

What could be done to increase absorption of an intramuscular injection?

Fundamentals of Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Interactions and Medication Errors

Treatment of Anxiety

Treatment of Depression

Treatment of Schizophrenia and Psychoses

Treatment of Parkinsons Disease and Huntingtons Disease

Treatment of Seizure Disorders

Treatment of Pain and Migraine Headache

Treatment of Alzheimers Disease

Treatment of Sleep Disorders and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Neuromuscular Blockade

Treatment of Muscle Spasms

Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases That Affect the Musculoskeletal System

Treatment of Osteoporosis and Pagets Disease of the Bone

Treatment of Hyperuricemia and Gout

Treatment of Glaucoma

Treatment of Disorders of the Ear

Treatment of Ophthalmic and Otic Infections

Treatment of Angina

Treatment of Hypertension

Treatment of Heart Failure

Treatment of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke

Treatment of Arrhythmia

Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Laryngopharyngeal Reflux, and Peptic Ulcer Disease

Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, ulcerative Colitis, and Crohns Disease

Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Treatment of Allergies

Treatment of Prostate Disease and Erectile Dysfunction

Treatment of Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

Treatment of Thyroid Disorders

Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Drugs That Affect the Reproductive System

Treatment of Bacterial Infection

Treatment of Viral Infections

Treatment of Cancers

Vaccines, Immunomodulators, and Immunosuppressants

Treatment of Fungal Infections

Treatment of Decubitus Ulcers and Burns

Treatment of Acne

Treatment of Eczema and Psoriasis

Treatment of Lice and Scabies

Filters

Duration of action is the time between the _ of action and _ of drug action.

The pharmacokinetic phases control the _ of the drug's effect and the _ of the drug action.

The ability of a drug to diffuse across the cell membrane is dependent upon _ of the drug and the _ of the body fluid in which it is dissolved.