Exam 6: Image Analysis of the Lower Extremity

A cephalic central ray angulation is required on an AP knee projection when the 1)examination is performed with the patient in an upright position. 2)patient's anterior tibial margin is demonstrated distal to the posterior tibial margin on the resulting image. 3)the patient's ASIS to imaging table measurement is 22 cm. 4)the knee is flexed and a curved IR is used.

An accurately positioned AP knee projection demonstrates all of the following except the

An internally rotated AP oblique knee projection demonstrates the tibia partially superimposed over the fibular head. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

A less than optimal PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method) demonstrating the medial and lateral aspects of the intercondylar fossa without superimposition

An AP ankle projection obtained with the patient's leg in lateral rotation will demonstrate which of the following? 1)A closed medial mortise 2)Decreased talar and fibular superimposition 3)An open lateral mortise 4)The sinus tarsi

A less than optimal lateral foot projection demonstrating the lateral talar dome proximal to the medial talar dome

If a PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method) is obtained with the patient's heel rotated internally, which of the following are true? 1)The proximal surfaces of the intercondylar fossa are not superimposed. 2)The lateral and the medial surfaces of the intercondylar fossa are not superimposed. 3)The patella is rotated laterally. 4)The tibia is demonstrated without fibular head superimposition.

How can the positioning setup procedure be adjusted for an AP axial foot projection to demonstrate uniform image density throughout the toes and foot areas? 1)Position the toes at the anode end of the x-ray tube. 2)Use a kVp above 75. 3)Use a grid. 4)Place a contact shield over the toes.

A lateral ankle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)an open tibiotalar joint. 2)a narrowed talocalcaneal joint. 3)1 inch (2.5 cm) of the fifth metatarsal base. 4)the fibula in the posterior half of the tibia.

An AP knee projection obtained with the knee internally rotated demonstrates 1)a larger appearing medial femoral condyle than lateral condyle. 2)a larger appearing lateral femoral condyle than medial condyle. 3)the fibular head with increased tibial superimposition. 4)the fibular head with decreased tibial superimposition.

A less than optimal AP axial toe projection demonstrates more soft tissue width on the lateral side than on the medial side of the phalanges. Which of the following is true about this projection?

If the patient is unable to dorsiflex the foot to a vertical position for an axial calcaneus projection, the

Which of the following pertains to a lateral foot projection that demonstrates the lateral talar dome distal to the medial talar dome? 1)The patient was imaged with the distal tibia elevated. 2)More than 0.5 inch (1 cm) of the cuboid is demonstrated posterior to the navicular. 3)The lateral talar dome is also anterior to the medial talar dome. 4)The fibula would be situated too far posterior to the tibia.

Proper elevation of the distal lower leg and vertical placement of the foot's long axis (heel is not rotated side to side) for the PA axial knee projection (Holmblad method) 1)superimposes the proximal surfaces of the intercondylar fossa. 2)places the patellar apex superior to the intercondylar fossa. 3)superimposes the lateral and the medial surfaces of the intercondylar fossa. 4)superimposes the anterior and the posterior margins of the tibial plateau.

If the patient is unable to extend the knee fully, an open femorotibial joint is accomplished by aligning the central ray perpendicular to the anterior surface of the lower leg and then

For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection with accurate positioning, the 1)fibular head is demonstrated free of tibial superimposition. 2)lateral femoral condyle is demonstrated in profile. 3)fibular head, neck, and shaft are superimposed by the tibia. 4)medial condyle is shown in profile.

For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection, the 1)leg is externally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR. 2)leg is internally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR. 3)central ray is aligned parallel with the tibia plateau. 4)central ray is centered at a level 0.75 inch (2 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles.

An optimal AP axial foot projection demonstrates all of the following except

If the curves of the posterior knees are not accurately positioned just above the bend of the "axial viewer" for a tangential knee projection (Merchant method), the 1)patellae may be projected into the patellofemoral joint spaces. 2)tibial tuberosities may be demonstrated within the joint spaces. 3)soft tissue from the anterior thighs is projected into the joint spaces. 4)knees are flexed more or less than 45 degrees.

A poorly positioned 45-degree AP oblique ankle projection demonstrates the calcaneus obscuring the distal aspect of the lateral mortise and the distal fibula. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?