Exam 11: Image Analysis of the Cranium

For a PA cranial projection, the 1)midsagittal plane is positioned parallel with the IR. 2)OML is aligned perpendicular to the IR. 3)central ray is aligned perpendicular to the IR. 4)central ray is centered to the nasion.

For a PA axial cranial projection (Caldwell method), the 1)midsagittal plane is aligned perpendicular to the IR. 2)central ray is angled 15 degrees caudally. 3)OML is aligned perpendicular to the IR. 4)central ray is centered to the nasion.

A PA cranial projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)equal distances from the lateral orbital margin to the lateral cranial cortices on each side. 2)the anterior clinoids and dorsum sellae superior to the ethmoid sinuses. 3)the petrous ridges horizontally through the lowest third of the orbits. 4)the internal acoustic meatus horizontally through the orbital center.

A patient requires a trauma AP axial cranial projection (Caldwell method). When the central ray is aligned with the OML, the tube angle reads 13 degrees caudad. What central ray angle should be used?

A less than optimal PA axial cranium projection (Caldwell method) that requires the chin to be elevated to obtain optimal positioning will

A PA cranial projection with poor positioning demonstrates the petrous ridges too superior to the supraorbital margins. How was the patient positioned for such a projection to be obtained? 1)The patient's chin was inadequately tucked. 2)The OML was not positioned perpendicular to the IR. 3)The patient's face was rotated toward the right side. 4)The patient's head was tilted.

A patient is unable to hyperextend the neck enough for an SMV cranial projection (Schueller method). How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained?

An SMV cranial projection (Schueller method) with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)the nasal fossae just anterior to the ethmoid sinuses. 2)the mandibular mentum slightly posterior to the ethmoid sinuses. 3)an equal distance from the mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex on both sides. 4)the bony nasal septum aligned with the long axis of the exposure field.

A poorly positioned parietoacanthial facial bone projection (Waters method) demonstrates the petrous ridges within the maxillary sinuses. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained? 1)The MML was not aligned perpendicular to the IR. 2)The patient's head was rotated toward the left side. 3)The patient's chin was tucked more than needed. 4)The central ray was angled too cephalically.

A poorly positioned AP axial cranial projection (Caldwell method) demonstrates the petrous ridges inferior to the infraorbital margins. How could the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection? 1)Rotate the patient's face toward the left side. 2)Adjust the central ray angulation caudally. 3)Tuck the patient's chin until the OML is perpendicular to the IR. 4)Elevate the patient's chin until the OML is perpendicular to the IR.

A lateral cranial projection demonstrates the EAM and inferior cranial cortices without superimposition. One of each corresponding structure is demonstrated inferior to the other. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

A PA cranium projection demonstrating the petrous ridges superior to the supraorbital margins

A lateral cranium projection obtained with the top of the patient's head tilted away from the IR will demonstrate all of the following except the

A patient is unable to elevate the chin enough for a parietoacanthial facial bone projection (Waters method). How could the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained?

For an AP axial cranial projection (Towne method), the 1)midsagittal plane is aligned with the long axis of the image receptor's longitudinal axis. 2)midsagittal plane is positioned parallel with the IR. 3)midcoronal plane is positioned parallel with the IR. 4)OML is aligned perpendicular to the IR.

A PA axial cranial projection (Caldwell method) with poor positioning demonstrates the petrous ridges inferior to the infraorbital margins. How was the patient positioned for such a projection to be obtained? 1)The patient's chin was not tucked enough. 2)The OML was not positioned perpendicular to the IR. 3)The patient's face was rotated toward the right side. 4)The patient's head was tilted.

For a lateral cranial projection, the 1)midsagittal plane is positioned parallel with the IR. 2)IPL is positioned parallel with the IR. 3)IOML is perpendicular to the front edge of the IR. 4)central ray is centered 2 inches (5 cm) anterior to the EAM.

Which of the following statements is not true about an SMV cranium projection (Schueller method)?

An acanthioparietal facial bone projection (Waters method) with poor positioning demonstrates the petrous ridges too far inferior to the maxillary sinuses. How could the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained? 1)Depress the patient's chin. 2)Align the central ray parallel with the MML. 3)Align the MML perpendicular to the IR. 4)Adjust the central ray angulation caudally.

For a submentovertex (SMV) cranial projection (Schueller method), the 1)central ray is aligned perpendicular to the IR. 2)central ray is centered to the midsagittal plane at a level 0.75 inch (2 cm) anterior to the level of the EAM. 3)IOML is parallel with the IR. 4)midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR.