Exam 10: Image Analysis of the Sternum and Ribs

An AP oblique rib projection obtained with the patient rotated less than 45 degrees demonstrates the 1)posterior ribs with decreased foreshortening. 2)axillary ribs, which are foreshortened. 3)anterior ribs adjacent to the lateral edge of the IR. 4)sternal body next to the vertebral column.

A left lateral sternal projection with poor positioning demonstrates the superior heart shadow extending beyond the sternum, into the anteriorly located lung. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained? 1)Rotate the left thorax posteriorly. 2)Position the arms behind the patient's back. 3)Take the exposure on deep inspiration. 4)Rotate the right thorax anteriorly.

On a PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position), the posterior ribs are blurred and magnified because 1)a short SID is used. 2)a long exposure time is used. 3)the image is obtained on expiration. 4)a detail screen is used.

A PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position) with poor positioning demonstrates the right SC joint and manubrium superimposed by the thoracic vertebrae. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained?

For an AP oblique rib projection (RPO or LPO position) obtained to evaluate upper posterior rib pain, 1)a 70- to 80-kVp technique is used. 2)the tenth axillary rib is centered to the collimated field. 3)the patient is rotated 45 degrees away from the affected side. 4)the image is obtained after deep expiration.

The right SC joint and right side of the manubrium are superimposed by the thoracic vertebrae on a PA oblique sternum projection (RAO position). Such a projection is produced when the

A below-diaphragm AP oblique rib projection (RPO position) with accurate positioning demonstrates the 1)ninth through twelfth ribs below the diaphragm. 2)axillary ribs without foreshortening. 3)seventh axillary rib at the center of the collimated field. 4)inferior sternal body just to the right of the vertebral column.

How is an AP or PA rib projection of a patient with lower anterior rib pain obtained? 1)With the patient in an AP projection 2)On expiration 3)Using 65 to 70 kVp 4)With the shoulders at equal distances to the imaging table

On a PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position) with accurate positioning, the 1)manubrium is demonstrated to the left of the heart shadow. 2)posterior ribs are magnified. 3)sternum is demonstrated within the heart shadow. 4)lung markings are blurred.

An above-diaphragm AP or PA rib projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the 1)scapulae outside the lung field. 2)seventh posterior rib at the center of the exposure field. 3)eight posterior ribs above the diaphragm. 4)thoracic vertebrae-rib head articulations.

A lateral sternal projection 1) uses a grid and tight collimation to reduce scatter radiation. 2) demonstrates the sternum without humeral soft tissue superimposition. 3) is obtained after a deep inspiration. 4) requires placement of the top edge of the IR 1.5 inches (4 cm) above the jugular notch.

A less than optimal lateral sternum projection that does not demonstrate the sternum in profile and visualizes the superior heart shadow extending anterior to the sternum

For a PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position), 1)a 30-inch (76-cm) or 40-inch (100-cm) SID is used. 2)the patient's midcoronal plane is angled 15 to 20 degrees with the IR. 3)a long exposure time is used. 4)costal breathing is used.