Exam 12: Image Analysis of the Digestive System

For a sthenic PA oblique stomach and duodenum projection (RAO position), the 1) patient is rotated until the midcoronal plane is at a 70-degree angle with the IR. 2) central ray is centered 1 to 2 inches superior to the lower rib margin. 3) central ray is perpendicular. 4) central ray is centered to the fundus.

Adequate large intestine distention and mucosal covering has been obtained when

An AP large intestine projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)the spinous processes aligned with the midline of the vertebral bodies. 2)symmetrical iliac ala. 3)superimposition of the ascending and descending limbs of the colic flexure. 4)the fourth lumbar vertebra in the center of the exposure field.

A PA oblique large intestine projection (RAO position) with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)the rectosigmoid segments without superimposition. 2)a narrowed right iliac ala. 3)the entire large intestine. 4)decreased superimposition (when compared with a PA projection) of the right colic flexure limbs.

A left lateral rectum projection demonstrates the right femoral head anterior to the left femoral head. Such a projection 1)also demonstrates the right femoral head superior to the left femoral head. 2)is obtained by positioning the posterior pelvic wings perpendicular to the IR. 3)demonstrates a magnified right femoral head. 4)is made optimal by rotating the right hip posteriorly.

A hypersthenic PA oblique stomach and duodenum projection (RAO position) with accurate positioning will demonstrate 1)barium in the fundus. 2)the left lumbar zygapophyseal joints in the posterior third of the vertebral bodies. 3)the long axis of the stomach foreshortened with a closed lesser curvature. 4)the pylorus in the center of the exposure field.

For a PA oblique esophagus projection (RAO position) with accurate positioning,

A PA small intestine projection demonstrates a greater distance from the right pedicles to the spinous processes than from the left pedicles to the spinous processes. Such a projection 1)will also demonstrate a wider right pelvic ala. 2)was obtained with the patient's left side positioned farther from the imaging table than the right side. 3)was obtained with the patient in an RAO position. 4)should be obtained only for the first image in the series.

For a PA axial oblique large intestine projection (RAO position), the 1)patient is rotated until the midcoronal plane is at a 35- to 45-degree angle with the imaging table. 2)central ray is angled 30 to 40 degrees caudally. 3)central ray is centered to exit at the ASIS and 2 inches (5 cm) to the left of the spinous processes. 4)11- × 14-inch (28- × 35-cm) IR is placed crosswise.

A PA large intestine projection demonstrates a right iliac ala that is narrower than the left one. Such a projection 1)also demonstrates a shorter distance from the left pedicle to the spinous process than from the right pedicle to the spinous process. 2)also demonstrates an increase in ascending and descending left colic limb superimposition. 3)was obtained with the patient rotated toward the right side. 4)was obtained with the patient's left ASIS positioned at a greater OID than the right ASIS.

For an asthenic right lateral stomach and duodenum projection, 1)barium will be seen in the pylorus, duodenal bulb, and descending duodenum. 2)the central ray is centered to the pylorus. 3)the central ray is directed at a level 2 inches (5 cm) superior to the sthenic habitus centering. 4)the stomach's lesser curvature will be closed.

For a PA small intestine projection, 1)a marker indicating the time that has elapsed since the last image was obtained is demonstrated on the image. 2)the timing of the images begins after the patient ingests the contrast. 3)images are obtained until the barium reaches the right colic flexure. 4)the shoulders and ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the imaging table.

The quality of the mucosal coating on a stomach image depends on the 1) properties of the barium suspension. 2) volume of the barium and gas. 3) frequency of the washing. 4) amount of secretions in the stomach.

A PA esophagus projection that demonstrates the esophagus to the right of the vertebral column

For an AP-PA large intestine projection (lateral decubitus position), 1)uniform density is obtained by positioning the thick end of the compensating filter toward the imaging table. 2)an arrow or word marker is placed on the IR to indicate the side positioned adjacent to the imaging table. 3)the shoulders, posterior ribs, and posterior pelvis are positioned at equal distance to the imaging table. 4)the central ray is centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of the iliac crest.

A PA axial oblique large intestine projection (RAO position) demonstrates an obscured right SI joint and closed left obturator foramen. Such a projection 1)was obtained with the patient rotated more than the required amount. 2)also demonstrates the inferior aspect of the left acetabulum superior to the distal rectum. 3)was obtained with the central ray angled less than the required amount. 4)was obtained with the patient rotated less than the required amount.

The air contrast is demonstrated in the ____ on a PA stomach and duodenum projection.