Question 1

The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the

Accepted Answer

A) renal corpuscle. 
B) filtration membrane. 
C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
D) juxtaglomerular complex. 
E) afferent arteriole. 
A) renal corpuscle. 
B) filtration membrane. 
C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
D) juxtaglomerular complex. 
E) afferent arteriole.

Question 2

Glomerulonephritis may occur as a consequence of an infection with the bacterium

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium difficile. 
B) varicella. 
C) Streptococcus. 
D) MRSA. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) Clostridium difficile. 
B) varicella. 
C) Streptococcus. 
D) MRSA. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 3

The region known as the macula densa is part of

Accepted Answer

A) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) the distal convoluted tubule. 
C) the collecting duct. 
D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
E) glomerular (Bowman's)capsule. 
A) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) the distal convoluted tubule. 
C) the collecting duct. 
D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
E) glomerular (Bowman's)capsule.

Question 4

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "4."

Accepted Answer

A) renal pelvis 
B) minor calyx 
C) ureter 
D) major calyx 
E) renal column 
A) renal pelvis 
B) minor calyx 
C) ureter 
D) major calyx 
E) renal column

Question 5

You complain to the doctor about constant pain and discomfort in the low back area.What test might logically be recommended?

Accepted Answer

A) an MRI 
B) a pyelogram 
C) a liver biopsy 
D) an angiogram 
E) a liver enzyme assay 
A) an MRI 
B) a pyelogram 
C) a liver biopsy 
D) an angiogram 
E) a liver enzyme assay

Question 6

Glomerular (Bowman's)capsule and the glomerulus make up the

Accepted Answer

A) renal pyramid. 
B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
C) renal corpuscle. 
D) renal papilla. 
E) collecting tubule system. 
A) renal pyramid. 
B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
C) renal corpuscle. 
D) renal papilla. 
E) collecting tubule system.

Question 7

The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by

Accepted Answer

A) adjusting the volume of water lost in urine. 
B) releasing erythropoietin. 
C) releasing renin. 
D) regulating NaCl levels in the blood. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) adjusting the volume of water lost in urine. 
B) releasing erythropoietin. 
C) releasing renin. 
D) regulating NaCl levels in the blood. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Under normal conditions,glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures.From the list below,what are these three main pressures?
1)blood hydrostatic pressure
2)capsular hydrostatic pressure
3)capsular colloid osmotic pressure
4)blood colloid osmotic pressure
5)urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,and 3 are correct. 
B) 2,3,and 4 are correct. 
C) 3,4,and 5 are correct. 
D) 1,2,and 4 are correct. 
E) 2,4,and 5 are correct. 
A) 1,2,and 3 are correct. 
B) 2,3,and 4 are correct. 
C) 3,4,and 5 are correct. 
D) 1,2,and 4 are correct. 
E) 2,4,and 5 are correct.

Question 9

Urine is eliminated through the

Accepted Answer

A) liver. 
B) urinary bladder. 
C) kidney. 
D) ureter. 
E) urethra. 
A) liver. 
B) urinary bladder. 
C) kidney. 
D) ureter. 
E) urethra.

Question 10

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area is sensitive to aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 1 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 5 
A) 2 
B) 1 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 5

Question 11

The ________ is the plasma concentration at which a specific compound will begin appearing in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) tubular maximum 
B) hydrostatic threshold 
C) blood colloid maximum 
D) osmotic pressure 
E) renal threshold 
A) tubular maximum 
B) hydrostatic threshold 
C) blood colloid maximum 
D) osmotic pressure 
E) renal threshold

Question 12

The renal veins drain into the

Accepted Answer

A) abdominal aorta. 
B) renal arteries. 
C) inferior vena cava. 
D) segmental arteries. 
E) peritubular capillaries. 
A) abdominal aorta. 
B) renal arteries. 
C) inferior vena cava. 
D) segmental arteries. 
E) peritubular capillaries.

Question 13

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen ions. 
B) penicillin. 
C) creatinine. 
D) potassium ions. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) hydrogen ions. 
B) penicillin. 
C) creatinine. 
D) potassium ions. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Major calyces are

Accepted Answer

A) large branches of the renal pelvis. 
B) expanded ends of nephrons. 
C) basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
E) the expanded ends of renal pyramids. 
A) large branches of the renal pelvis. 
B) expanded ends of nephrons. 
C) basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
E) the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

Question 15

The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by

Accepted Answer

A) the overlying peritoneum. 
B) contact with adjacent visceral organs. 
C) supporting connective tissues. 
D) the renal fascia. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) the overlying peritoneum. 
B) contact with adjacent visceral organs. 
C) supporting connective tissues. 
D) the renal fascia. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

A transport mechanism that can move a substance against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy is

Accepted Answer

A) simple diffusion. 
B) facilitated diffusion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) bulk transport. 
E) active transport. 
A) simple diffusion. 
B) facilitated diffusion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) bulk transport. 
E) active transport.

Question 17

If heavy exercise reduces blood flow to the kidneys,which of the following might occur?

Accepted Answer

A) presence of protein in urine 
B) presence of blood in urine 
C) permanent kidney injury 
D) damage to the glomeruli 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) presence of protein in urine 
B) presence of blood in urine 
C) permanent kidney injury 
D) damage to the glomeruli 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)decreases,

Accepted Answer

A) a concentrated urine is produced. 
B) less urine is produced. 
C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases. 
D) permeability to water in the collecting system increases. 
E) water reabsorption increases in the loop of Henle. 
A) a concentrated urine is produced. 
B) less urine is produced. 
C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases. 
D) permeability to water in the collecting system increases. 
E) water reabsorption increases in the loop of Henle.

Question 19

Which of the following substances undergo tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) glucose 
C) ammonium ions 
D) sodium ions 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) water 
B) glucose 
C) ammonium ions 
D) sodium ions 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

Accepted Answer

A) pyramids. 
B) renal columns. 
C) renal pelvises. 
D) nephrons. 
E) calyces. 
A) pyramids. 
B) renal columns. 
C) renal pelvises. 
D) nephrons. 
E) calyces.

Exam 26: The Urinary System

The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the

Glomerulonephritis may occur as a consequence of an infection with the bacterium

The region known as the macula densa is part of

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "4."

You complain to the doctor about constant pain and discomfort in the low back area.What test might logically be recommended?

Glomerular (Bowman's)capsule and the glomerulus make up the

The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by

Urine is eliminated through the

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Which area is sensitive to aldosterone?

The ________ is the plasma concentration at which a specific compound will begin appearing in the urine.

The renal veins drain into the

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

Major calyces are

The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by

A transport mechanism that can move a substance against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy is

If heavy exercise reduces blood flow to the kidneys,which of the following might occur?

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)decreases,

Which of the following substances undergo tubular secretion?

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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