Question 1

In the renal corpuscle,the glomerular epithelium is a layer of specialized cells called

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulocytes. 
B) juxtaglomerular cells. 
C) tubular cells. 
D) macula densa cells. 
E) podocytes. 
A) glomerulocytes. 
B) juxtaglomerular cells. 
C) tubular cells. 
D) macula densa cells. 
E) podocytes.

Question 2

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A) stratified squamous 
B) pseudostratified columnar 
C) simple cuboidal 
D) transitional 
E) simple columnar 
A) stratified squamous 
B) pseudostratified columnar 
C) simple cuboidal 
D) transitional 
E) simple columnar

Question 3

The condition called ________ is especially dangerous because the ureters or renal blood vessels can become twisted or kinked during movement.

Accepted Answer

A) polycystic kidney disease 
B) floating kidney 
C) pyelonephritis 
D) renal calculi 
E) renal failure 
A) polycystic kidney disease 
B) floating kidney 
C) pyelonephritis 
D) renal calculi 
E) renal failure

Question 4

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

Accepted Answer

A) nephron loop (loop of Henle) 
B) distal convoluted tubule 
C) papillary duct 
D) renal corpuscle 
E) ureter 
A) nephron loop (loop of Henle) 
B) distal convoluted tubule 
C) papillary duct 
D) renal corpuscle 
E) ureter

Question 5

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

Accepted Answer

A) renal sinus. 
B) renal pelvis. 
C) renal calyx. 
D) renal hilum. 
E) renal corpuscle. 
A) renal sinus. 
B) renal pelvis. 
C) renal calyx. 
D) renal hilum. 
E) renal corpuscle.

Question 6

________ is an inherited abnormality that affects the development and structure of kidney tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) Glomerulonephritis 
B) Polycystic kidney disease 
C) Calculus 
D) Renal failure 
E) Hematuria 
A) Glomerulonephritis 
B) Polycystic kidney disease 
C) Calculus 
D) Renal failure 
E) Hematuria

Question 7

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) distal convoluted tubule. 
C) collecting duct. 
D) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
E) loop of Henle and the collecting duct. 
A) proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) distal convoluted tubule. 
C) collecting duct. 
D) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
E) loop of Henle and the collecting duct.

Question 8

The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of which three layers?

Accepted Answer

A) filtration slits,foot processes,and slit pores 
B) fenestrations,matrix,and foot processes 
C) endothelium of glomerulus,dense layer of glomerulus,and podocyte filtration slits 
D) dense layer of glomerulus,foot processes,and fenestrations in the capsule 
E) podocyte filtration slits,matrix cells in the glomerulus,and endothelium of glomerulus 
A) filtration slits,foot processes,and slit pores 
B) fenestrations,matrix,and foot processes 
C) endothelium of glomerulus,dense layer of glomerulus,and podocyte filtration slits 
D) dense layer of glomerulus,foot processes,and fenestrations in the capsule 
E) podocyte filtration slits,matrix cells in the glomerulus,and endothelium of glomerulus

Question 9

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessels. 
B) lymphatics. 
C) the ureters. 
D) the urethra. 
E) the calyces. 
A) blood vessels. 
B) lymphatics. 
C) the ureters. 
D) the urethra. 
E) the calyces.

Question 10

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "3."

Accepted Answer

A) renal sinus 
B) fibrous capsule 
C) renal pyramid 
D) renal papilla 
E) renal column 
A) renal sinus 
B) fibrous capsule 
C) renal pyramid 
D) renal papilla 
E) renal column

Question 11

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

Accepted Answer

A) renal pelvis. 
B) JG apparatus. 
C) pyramid. 
D) trigone. 
E) vasa recta. 
A) renal pelvis. 
B) JG apparatus. 
C) pyramid. 
D) trigone. 
E) vasa recta.

Question 12

In response to increased levels of aldosterone,the kidneys produce

Accepted Answer

A) a larger volume of urine. 
B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. 
C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 
D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions. 
E) urine with less glucose. 
A) a larger volume of urine. 
B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. 
C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 
D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions. 
E) urine with less glucose.

Question 13

The process of filtration is driven mainly by

Accepted Answer

A) active transport. 
B) blood osmotic pressure. 
C) blood hydrostatic pressure. 
D) renal pumping. 
E) solvent drag. 
A) active transport. 
B) blood osmotic pressure. 
C) blood hydrostatic pressure. 
D) renal pumping. 
E) solvent drag.

Question 14

The process of ________ involves a carrier protein that can transport a molecule across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) simple diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmosis 
D) bulk transport 
E) active transport 
A) simple diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmosis 
D) bulk transport 
E) active transport

Question 15

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Where does countercurrent multiplication occur?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 5 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 2 
A) 6 
B) 5 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 2

Question 16

If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color,which of the following will be true?

Accepted Answer

A) Its pH is below normal. 
B) It will have the odor of ammonia. 
C) It will contain large amounts of urobilin. 
D) It will contain excess chloride ion. 
E) It will have a low pH. 
A) Its pH is below normal. 
B) It will have the odor of ammonia. 
C) It will contain large amounts of urobilin. 
D) It will contain excess chloride ion. 
E) It will have a low pH.

Question 17

In the process of ________,two substances are moved across a cell membrane in the same direction without directly using cellular energy.One of the substances can be moved against a concentration gradient by this process.

Accepted Answer

A) countertransport 
B) cotransport 
C) simple diffusion 
D) active transport 
E) co-osmosis 
A) countertransport 
B) cotransport 
C) simple diffusion 
D) active transport 
E) co-osmosis

Question 18

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Where does secretion mostly occur?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 1 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 2 
A) 5 
B) 1 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 2

Question 19

________ is/are an inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) Glomerulonephritis 
B) Floating kidney 
C) Polycystic kidney disease 
D) Pyelonephrosis 
E) Kidney stones 
A) Glomerulonephritis 
B) Floating kidney 
C) Polycystic kidney disease 
D) Pyelonephrosis 
E) Kidney stones

Question 20

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules,approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 38 
C) 63 
D) 74 
E) 99 
A) 1 
B) 38 
C) 63 
D) 74 
E) 99

Exam 26: The Urinary System

In the renal corpuscle,the glomerular epithelium is a layer of specialized cells called

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

The condition called ________ is especially dangerous because the ureters or renal blood vessels can become twisted or kinked during movement.

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

________ is an inherited abnormality that affects the development and structure of kidney tubules.

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of which three layers?

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "3."

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

In response to increased levels of aldosterone,the kidneys produce

The process of filtration is driven mainly by

The process of ________ involves a carrier protein that can transport a molecule across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient.

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Where does countercurrent multiplication occur?

If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color,which of the following will be true?

In the process of ________,two substances are moved across a cell membrane in the same direction without directly using cellular energy.One of the substances can be moved against a concentration gradient by this process.

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Where does secretion mostly occur?

________ is/are an inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys.

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules,approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters