Question 1

Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the lumen in the PCT is largely by means of

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion. 
B) facilitated diffusion. 
C) active transport. 
D) cotransport. 
E) countertransport. 
A) diffusion. 
B) facilitated diffusion. 
C) active transport. 
D) cotransport. 
E) countertransport.

Question 2

The ________ test is often used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate.

Accepted Answer

A) inulin 
B) glucose tolerance 
C) CBC or complete blood count 
D) SGOT 
E) creatinine clearance 
A) inulin 
B) glucose tolerance 
C) CBC or complete blood count 
D) SGOT 
E) creatinine clearance

Question 3

You have been diagnosed with lupus erythematosus,a very severe autoimmune disorder with a wide variety of associated organ-related problems.Your doctor is particularly worried about how this will affect your kidney function.He says that you are susceptible to ________ because of the lupus.

Accepted Answer

A) polycystic kidney 
B) glomerulonephritis 
C) cystitis 
D) diabetes 
E) renal calculi 
A) polycystic kidney 
B) glomerulonephritis 
C) cystitis 
D) diabetes 
E) renal calculi

Question 4

Physicians often ask for urine samples collected over a 24-hour period,rather than a single sample.Why?

Accepted Answer

Often the information needed for a diagn

Question 5

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop (loop of Henle)?

Accepted Answer

A) It relies on countercurrent multiplication. 
B) It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration. 
C) It enables production of hypertonic urine. 
D) It is the site of obligatory water reabsorption. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) It relies on countercurrent multiplication. 
B) It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration. 
C) It enables production of hypertonic urine. 
D) It is the site of obligatory water reabsorption. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Because of various factors-your weight gain over the last 5 years,your hereditary predisposition to heart disease that runs in your family,and an interest in getting "back to nature"-you decide to go on a vegan diet,totally restricting your intake of all meat and dairy.Because you dislike taking pills of any sort,you depend upon your vegetable intake as the source for all nutrients for your body.When explaining this to your doctor beforehand,she cautions you about the possibility of low lysine and methionine levels.What is the problem?

Accepted Answer

A) You may be at risk for deficiency of certain essential amino acids. 
B) Your insulin levels will be very low,causing lysine and methionine levels to also be low. 
C) Plants have much more sugar and carbohydrates than meats. 
D) There are not enough vitamins in a meatless diet to make enough lysine and methionine. 
E) Plants contain less urea,uric acid,and creatinine than meats. 
A) You may be at risk for deficiency of certain essential amino acids. 
B) Your insulin levels will be very low,causing lysine and methionine levels to also be low. 
C) Plants have much more sugar and carbohydrates than meats. 
D) There are not enough vitamins in a meatless diet to make enough lysine and methionine. 
E) Plants contain less urea,uric acid,and creatinine than meats.

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. 
B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. 
C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. 
D) is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid. 
A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. 
B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. 
C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. 
D) is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.

Question 8

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 and 6 
E) 4,5,and 6 
A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 and 6 
E) 4,5,and 6

Question 9

The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)is almost impermeable to water,but reabsorbs sodium,potassium,and chloride ions from the filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false. 
B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true. 
C) Both statements are true most of the time. 
D) Both statements are false. 
E) Both are true and relate to production of a dilute urine. 
A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false. 
B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true. 
C) Both statements are true most of the time. 
D) Both statements are false. 
E) Both are true and relate to production of a dilute urine.

Question 10

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A) renal cortex. 
B) renal medulla. 
C) major calyx. 
D) fibrous capsule. 
E) renal pelvis. 
A) renal cortex. 
B) renal medulla. 
C) major calyx. 
D) fibrous capsule. 
E) renal pelvis.

Question 11

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Accepted Answer

A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) collecting loop. 
E) minor calyx. 
A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) collecting loop. 
E) minor calyx.

Question 12

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

Accepted Answer

A) blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
C) osmotic pressure of the urine. 
D) capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
E) reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood. 
A) blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
C) osmotic pressure of the urine. 
D) capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
E) reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood.

Question 13

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.

Accepted Answer

A) 480 
B) 180 
C) 125 
D) 18 
E) 1)8 
A) 480 
B) 180 
C) 125 
D) 18 
E) 1)8

Question 14

Agents that increase urine excretion are known as

Accepted Answer

A) diuretics. 
B) muscarinic antagonists. 
C) alpha-1 antagonists. 
D) calcium channel blockers. 
E) ADH agonists. 
A) diuretics. 
B) muscarinic antagonists. 
C) alpha-1 antagonists. 
D) calcium channel blockers. 
E) ADH agonists.

Question 15

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ ml/min under resting conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) 500 
B) 800 
C) 1200 
D) 1800 
E) 2500 
A) 500 
B) 800 
C) 1200 
D) 1800 
E) 2500

Question 16

Which of the following substances are not normally found in the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A) chloride ions 
B) water 
C) protein 
D) urea 
E) potassium ions 
A) chloride ions 
B) water 
C) protein 
D) urea 
E) potassium ions

Question 17

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Where would penicillin be secreted?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 5 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 3 and 4 
A) 6 
B) 5 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 3 and 4

Question 18

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the

Accepted Answer

A) net filtration pressure. 
B) colloid pressure. 
C) plasma volume. 
D) kidney filtrate volume. 
E) glomerular filtration rate. 
A) net filtration pressure. 
B) colloid pressure. 
C) plasma volume. 
D) kidney filtrate volume. 
E) glomerular filtration rate.

Question 19

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?

Accepted Answer

A) It releases renin. 
B) It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration. 
C) final urine enters here. 
D) initial filtrate enters here. 
E) It is the tip of the medullary pyramid. 
A) It releases renin. 
B) It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration. 
C) final urine enters here. 
D) initial filtrate enters here. 
E) It is the tip of the medullary pyramid.

Question 20

Calculate filtration pressure (FP)in a nephron with a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 55 mm Hg,a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg,and a capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A) FP = 10 mm Hg 
B) FP = 95 mm Hg 
C) FP = 55 mm Hg 
D) FP = 45 mm Hg 
E) FP = 15 mm Hg 
A) FP = 10 mm Hg 
B) FP = 95 mm Hg 
C) FP = 55 mm Hg 
D) FP = 45 mm Hg 
E) FP = 15 mm Hg

Exam 26: The Urinary System

Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the lumen in the PCT is largely by means of

The ________ test is often used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate.

You have been diagnosed with lupus erythematosus,a very severe autoimmune disorder with a wide variety of associated organ-related problems.Your doctor is particularly worried about how this will affect your kidney function.He says that you are susceptible to ________ because of the lupus.

Physicians often ask for urine samples collected over a 24-hour period,rather than a single sample.Why?

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop (loop of Henle)?

Antidiuretic hormone

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH?

The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)is almost impermeable to water,but reabsorbs sodium,potassium,and chloride ions from the filtrate.

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.

Agents that increase urine excretion are known as

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ ml/min under resting conditions.

Which of the following substances are not normally found in the filtrate?

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Where would penicillin be secreted?

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?

Calculate filtration pressure (FP)in a nephron with a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 55 mm Hg,a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg,and a capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters