Question 1

What is the creatinine clearance test? How can it be used to estimate GFR? How accurate is it?

Accepted Answer

This test relies on measuring total crea

Question 2

The filtration pressure at the glomerulus is equal to

Accepted Answer

A) blood hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure). 
B) capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular osmotic pressure + blood hydrostatic pressure). 
C) glomerularhydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + glomerular capillary osmotic pressure). 
D) (capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular osmotic pressure)- blood hydrostatic pressure. 
E) blood hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsularcolloid osmotic pressure). 
A) blood hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure). 
B) capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular osmotic pressure + blood hydrostatic pressure). 
C) glomerularhydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + glomerular capillary osmotic pressure). 
D) (capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular osmotic pressure)- blood hydrostatic pressure. 
E) blood hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsularcolloid osmotic pressure).

Question 3

The filtration of plasma takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B) distal convoluted tubule. 
C) papillary duct. 
D) renal corpuscle. 
E) ureter. 
A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B) distal convoluted tubule. 
C) papillary duct. 
D) renal corpuscle. 
E) ureter.

Question 4

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis.This is may be due to

Accepted Answer

A) excessive ADH secretion. 
B) absence of ADH. 
C) hematuric oliguria. 
D) overproduction of aldosterone. 
E) dilation of the afferent arterioles. 
A) excessive ADH secretion. 
B) absence of ADH. 
C) hematuric oliguria. 
D) overproduction of aldosterone. 
E) dilation of the afferent arterioles.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen ions 
B) urea 
C) large proteins 
D) amino acids 
E) creatinine 
A) hydrogen ions 
B) urea 
C) large proteins 
D) amino acids 
E) creatinine

Question 6

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

Accepted Answer

A) renal papilla. 
B) renal pelvis. 
C) renal medulla. 
D) renal cortex. 
E) renal sinus. 
A) renal papilla. 
B) renal pelvis. 
C) renal medulla. 
D) renal cortex. 
E) renal sinus.

Question 7

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) active transport. 
B) facilitated diffusion. 
C) cotransport. 
D) countertransport. 
E) stem cell movements. 
A) active transport. 
B) facilitated diffusion. 
C) cotransport. 
D) countertransport. 
E) stem cell movements.

Question 8

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

Accepted Answer

A) It releases renin. 
B) It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration. 
C) Final urine enters here. 
D) Initial filtrate enters here. 
A) It releases renin. 
B) It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration. 
C) Final urine enters here. 
D) Initial filtrate enters here.

Question 9

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A) filtration. 
B) absorption of ions,organic molecules,vitamins,and water. 
C) secretion of acids and ammonia. 
D) secretion of drugs. 
E) adjusting the urine pH. 
A) filtration. 
B) absorption of ions,organic molecules,vitamins,and water. 
C) secretion of acids and ammonia. 
D) secretion of drugs. 
E) adjusting the urine pH.

Question 10

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: CsHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

Accepted Answer

A) FP = BHP + CsHP - BCOP 
B) FP = BHP - (CsHP + BCOP) 
C) FP = CsHP + BHP - BCOP 
D) FP = BCOP - BHP + CsHP 
E) FP = BCOP + (BHP - CsHP) 
A) FP = BHP + CsHP - BCOP 
B) FP = BHP - (CsHP + BCOP) 
C) FP = CsHP + BHP - BCOP 
D) FP = BCOP - BHP + CsHP 
E) FP = BCOP + (BHP - CsHP)

Question 11

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles. 
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate. 
C) trigger renin release. 
D) produce renal ischemia. 
E) reduce blood flow to kidneys. 
A) produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles. 
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate. 
C) trigger renin release. 
D) produce renal ischemia. 
E) reduce blood flow to kidneys.

Question 12

In glomerulonephritis,the normal filtration barrier is damaged and becomes far more permeable to plasma proteins,such as albumin along with other solutes.How would that affect glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

GFR would go up for two reasons.(1)The l

Question 13

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulonephritis. 
B) polycystic kidney disease. 
C) calculi. 
D) renal failure. 
E) hematuria. 
A) glomerulonephritis. 
B) polycystic kidney disease. 
C) calculi. 
D) renal failure. 
E) hematuria.

Question 14

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "1 1."

Accepted Answer

A) renal pelvis 
B) minor calyx 
C) ureter 
D) major calyx 
E) renal column 
A) renal pelvis 
B) minor calyx 
C) ureter 
D) major calyx 
E) renal column

Question 15

Your doctor has diagnosed you with prostatitis,an inflammation and swelling involving the prostate gland.One of your primary symptoms is

Accepted Answer

A) dribbling urination. 
B) renal failure. 
C) hematuria. 
D) glycosuria. 
E) large amounts of dilute urine. 
A) dribbling urination. 
B) renal failure. 
C) hematuria. 
D) glycosuria. 
E) large amounts of dilute urine.

Question 16

The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of

Accepted Answer

A) arteries. 
B) veins. 
C) venules. 
D) capillaries. 
E) arterioles. 
A) arteries. 
B) veins. 
C) venules. 
D) capillaries. 
E) arterioles.

Question 17

A glomerulus is

Accepted Answer

A) the expanded end of a nephron. 
B) a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. 
C) the source of erythropoietin. 
D) attached to the collecting duct. 
E) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron. 
A) the expanded end of a nephron. 
B) a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. 
C) the source of erythropoietin. 
D) attached to the collecting duct. 
E) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron.

Question 18

Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion. 
B) facilitated diffusion. 
C) active transport. 
D) cotransport. 
E) countertransport. 
A) diffusion. 
B) facilitated diffusion. 
C) active transport. 
D) cotransport. 
E) countertransport.

Question 19

During the micturition reflex,

Accepted Answer

A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord. 
B) parasympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. 
C) the internal sphincter is subconsciously relaxed. 
D) the external sphincter is consciously relaxed. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord. 
B) parasympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. 
C) the internal sphincter is subconsciously relaxed. 
D) the external sphincter is consciously relaxed. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

What is the proper order for the structures of the renal corpuscle through which a substance during filtration?
1)filtration slit (slit pore)
2)capsular space
3)dense layer
4)capillary endothelium

Accepted Answer

A) 4,3,2,1 
B) 4,1,2,3 
C) 4,3,1,2 
D) 3,1,4,2 
E) 2,4,3,1 
A) 4,3,2,1 
B) 4,1,2,3 
C) 4,3,1,2 
D) 3,1,4,2 
E) 2,4,3,1

Exam 26: The Urinary System

What is the creatinine clearance test? How can it be used to estimate GFR? How accurate is it?

The filtration pressure at the glomerulus is equal to

The filtration of plasma takes place in the

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis.This is may be due to

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: CsHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following except

In glomerulonephritis,the normal filtration barrier is damaged and becomes far more permeable to plasma proteins,such as albumin along with other solutes.How would that affect glomerular filtration?

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "1 1."

Your doctor has diagnosed you with prostatitis,an inflammation and swelling involving the prostate gland.One of your primary symptoms is

The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of

A glomerulus is

Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of

During the micturition reflex,

What is the proper order for the structures of the renal corpuscle through which a substance during filtration? 1)filtration slit (slit pore) 2)capsular space 3)dense layer 4)capillary endothelium

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters