Question 1

To what extent does the trait approach predict behavior across situations?

Accepted Answer

The trait approach to personality posits

Question 2

Studies investigating the relationship between personality and the signs of the zodiac have found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there are actually a number of relationships between a zodiac sign and personality 
B)  there is a relationship between a zodiac sign and personality only for people who make a habit of reading horoscopes 
C)  no relationship exists between a zodiac sign and personality 
D)  Aries, Capricorn, and Virgo are the only signs that correlate consistently with personality types 
A)  there are actually a number of relationships between a zodiac sign and personality 
B)  there is a relationship between a zodiac sign and personality only for people who make a habit of reading horoscopes 
C)  no relationship exists between a zodiac sign and personality 
D)  Aries, Capricorn, and Virgo are the only signs that correlate consistently with personality types

Question 3

Which of the following is a disadvantage of objective tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cannot predict behaviors in specific situations. 
B)  They are difficult to administer. 
C)  They have low reliability and validity. 
D)  They are not useful in identifying personality differences. 
A)  They cannot predict behaviors in specific situations. 
B)  They are difficult to administer. 
C)  They have low reliability and validity. 
D)  They are not useful in identifying personality differences.

Question 4

Clayton flunked his algebra test and believes his failure was due to trick questions on the exam.Clayton appears to:

Accepted Answer

A)  be using sublimation 
B)  have an external locus of control 
C)  be self-actualized 
D)  have unconditional positive regard 
A)  be using sublimation 
B)  have an external locus of control 
C)  be self-actualized 
D)  have unconditional positive regard

Question 5

Dr.Donaldson is giving Mark a personality test that consists of ambiguous stimuli.This is an example of a test that is:

Accepted Answer

A)  standardized 
B)  structured 
C)  projective 
D)  objective 
A)  standardized 
B)  structured 
C)  projective 
D)  objective

Question 6

When making decisions,Kevin doesn't systematically consider options and their possible consequences.In fact,you could say he makes decisions carelessly.Which of The Big Five traits is most relevant to Kevin?

Accepted Answer

A)  conscientiousness 
B)  anal expulsive 
C)  extraversion 
D)  fixation 
A)  conscientiousness 
B)  anal expulsive 
C)  extraversion 
D)  fixation

Question 7

Social cognitive theory emphasizes unconscious conflicts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Dr.Erkzine says that one of the shortcomings of social cognitive theory is that it is empirically based.What is your reaction to his criticism?

Accepted Answer

A)  You agree and would add that there is more evidence supporting the psychodynamic theory. 
B)  Being experimentally based is actually a strength of social cognitive theory. 
C)  He may be right, but that is a mild problem of social cognitive theory. 
D)  You agree and add that another shortcoming is that the theory just focuses on environmental influences. 
A)  You agree and would add that there is more evidence supporting the psychodynamic theory. 
B)  Being experimentally based is actually a strength of social cognitive theory. 
C)  He may be right, but that is a mild problem of social cognitive theory. 
D)  You agree and add that another shortcoming is that the theory just focuses on environmental influences.

Question 9

Cattell utilized factor analysis to reduce Allport's lengthy list of traits down to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a five-factor model 
B)  source traits 
C)  a hierarchy of traits 
D)  higher-order and lower-order traits 
A)  a five-factor model 
B)  source traits 
C)  a hierarchy of traits 
D)  higher-order and lower-order traits

Question 10

A significant concern regarding the study of quantum personality change is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the data are only self-reports, subject to bias and inaccuracies 
B)  personality is not subject to dramatic shifts 
C)  there is no valid or reliable way to measure personality changes 
D)  subjects are difficult to recruit 
A)  the data are only self-reports, subject to bias and inaccuracies 
B)  personality is not subject to dramatic shifts 
C)  there is no valid or reliable way to measure personality changes 
D)  subjects are difficult to recruit

Question 11

If you think that you can't successfully go on a diet,lose weight,and keep it off,then you have:

Accepted Answer

A)  strong delay of gratification 
B)  strong self-efficacy 
C)  Oedipus conflict 
D)  weak self-efficacy 
A)  strong delay of gratification 
B)  strong self-efficacy 
C)  Oedipus conflict 
D)  weak self-efficacy

Question 12

A student takes a statistics test that is based on baseball box scores and team standing.Afterward,the student mentions to the instructor that,to do well on the test,a student had to be familiar with baseball,which is not part of the course.The student is criticizing the test's:

Accepted Answer

A)  validity 
B)  reliability 
C)  probability 
D)  psychological worth 
A)  validity 
B)  reliability 
C)  probability 
D)  psychological worth

Question 13

The trait approach predicts that people are consistent across situations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

During a meeting,Howard presents an idea for a new product.Bobby,who has a tendency to have narrow interests,says,"That new product Howard talks about,it will never work.Never,never,never and you can bet on that!" Which of the following traits would be most applicable to Bobby?

Accepted Answer

A)  openness 
B)  conscientiousness 
C)  extroversion 
D)  neuroticism 
A)  openness 
B)  conscientiousness 
C)  extroversion 
D)  neuroticism

Question 15

A personality researcher tells her associates that her goal is to identify the smallest number of enduring tendencies that can describe all the differences between personalities.This researcher appears to subscribe to which theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  trait 
B)  psychodynamic 
C)  social cognitive 
D)  humanistic 
A)  trait 
B)  psychodynamic 
C)  social cognitive 
D)  humanistic

Question 16

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory contains three scales.Clinical scales,content scales,and:

Accepted Answer

A)  depression scales 
B)  mood scales 
C)  abnormality scales 
D)  validity scales 
A)  depression scales 
B)  mood scales 
C)  abnormality scales 
D)  validity scales

Question 17

"What's the use? It doesn't matter how hard I prepare for this job interview.Whatever happens is just fate or luck." This thinking reflects:

Accepted Answer

A)  an external locus of control 
B)  a holistic view of life 
C)  an internal locus of control 
D)  becoming fixated at the oral stage of development 
A)  an external locus of control 
B)  a holistic view of life 
C)  an internal locus of control 
D)  becoming fixated at the oral stage of development

Question 18

Why are dramatic,sudden changes in personality difficult to believe?

Accepted Answer

A)  because they are based on psychodynamic techniques 
B)  personality traits are stable and typically do not change suddenly 
C)  genetics account for 95% of personality, and genetics do not change 
D)  environment, which influences personality, never changes suddenly 
A)  because they are based on psychodynamic techniques 
B)  personality traits are stable and typically do not change suddenly 
C)  genetics account for 95% of personality, and genetics do not change 
D)  environment, which influences personality, never changes suddenly

Question 19

The quality of life typically decreases following a quantum personality change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Researchers have found correlations between the locus of control and psychological functioning.Which of the following is an incorrect summary of the research?

Accepted Answer

A)  People with an internal locus of control are generally higher achievers 
B)  People with an internal locus of control are generally more likely to take preventive health measures 
C)  People with an internal locus of control are generally more depressed 
D)  People with an internal locus of control report less stress 
A)  People with an internal locus of control are generally higher achievers 
B)  People with an internal locus of control are generally more likely to take preventive health measures 
C)  People with an internal locus of control are generally more depressed 
D)  People with an internal locus of control report less stress

Exam 20: Social and Cognitive and Trait Theories

To what extent does the trait approach predict behavior across situations?

Studies investigating the relationship between personality and the signs of the zodiac have found that:

Which of the following is a disadvantage of objective tests?

Clayton flunked his algebra test and believes his failure was due to trick questions on the exam.Clayton appears to:

Dr.Donaldson is giving Mark a personality test that consists of ambiguous stimuli.This is an example of a test that is:

When making decisions,Kevin doesn't systematically consider options and their possible consequences.In fact,you could say he makes decisions carelessly.Which of The Big Five traits is most relevant to Kevin?

Social cognitive theory emphasizes unconscious conflicts.

Dr.Erkzine says that one of the shortcomings of social cognitive theory is that it is empirically based.What is your reaction to his criticism?

Cattell utilized factor analysis to reduce Allport's lengthy list of traits down to:

A significant concern regarding the study of quantum personality change is that:

If you think that you can't successfully go on a diet,lose weight,and keep it off,then you have:

A student takes a statistics test that is based on baseball box scores and team standing.Afterward,the student mentions to the instructor that,to do well on the test,a student had to be familiar with baseball,which is not part of the course.The student is criticizing the test's:

The trait approach predicts that people are consistent across situations.

During a meeting,Howard presents an idea for a new product.Bobby,who has a tendency to have narrow interests,says,"That new product Howard talks about,it will never work.Never,never,never and you can bet on that!" Which of the following traits would be most applicable to Bobby?

A personality researcher tells her associates that her goal is to identify the smallest number of enduring tendencies that can describe all the differences between personalities.This researcher appears to subscribe to which theory of personality?

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory contains three scales.Clinical scales,content scales,and:

"What's the use? It doesn't matter how hard I prepare for this job interview.Whatever happens is just fate or luck." This thinking reflects:

Why are dramatic,sudden changes in personality difficult to believe?

The quality of life typically decreases following a quantum personality change.

Researchers have found correlations between the locus of control and psychological functioning.Which of the following is an incorrect summary of the research?

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