Question 1

Multiple actions are first planned and done together during which substage of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

Accepted Answer

A) Reflex activity 
B) Primary circular reactions 
C) Coordination of secondary reactions 
D) Symbolic problem-solving 
A) Reflex activity 
B) Primary circular reactions 
C) Coordination of secondary reactions 
D) Symbolic problem-solving

Question 2

Suppose that a naval submarine were lost. If rescuers made the A-not-B error, where would they search?

Accepted Answer

A) At the home port from where the sub launched 
B) At the high-seas location where the sub last submerged 
C) At the spot where the sub is expected to emerge after a given amount of time 
D) In Davy Jones's locker, where souls of lost sailors congregate 
A) At the home port from where the sub launched 
B) At the high-seas location where the sub last submerged 
C) At the spot where the sub is expected to emerge after a given amount of time 
D) In Davy Jones's locker, where souls of lost sailors congregate

Question 3

When a young child discovers that simply changing the shape of an object does not necessarily change the amount of the object (e.g., a flattened ball of clay contains the same amount of clay as when it was rolled into a ball), the child is showing an understanding of

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence. 
B) accommodation. 
C) assimilation. 
D) conservation. 
A) object permanence. 
B) accommodation. 
C) assimilation. 
D) conservation.

Question 4

These are all Piaget's contributions EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A) he founded the study of cognitive development. 
B) he accurately determined the ages at which mental skills develop. 
C) he recognized the child's active role in discovering knowledge. 
D) his stages of mental development are mostly accurate. 
A) he founded the study of cognitive development. 
B) he accurately determined the ages at which mental skills develop. 
C) he recognized the child's active role in discovering knowledge. 
D) his stages of mental development are mostly accurate.

Question 5

PIAGET'S THEORY is to VYGOTSKY'S THEORY as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ERROR-AVOIDANCE :: ACCURACY-SEEKING 
B) ADOLESCENCE :: CHILDHOOD 
C) FLEXIBILITY :: RIGIDITY 
D) SOLITARY :: SOCIAL 
A) ERROR-AVOIDANCE :: ACCURACY-SEEKING 
B) ADOLESCENCE :: CHILDHOOD 
C) FLEXIBILITY :: RIGIDITY 
D) SOLITARY :: SOCIAL

Question 6

In Vygotsky's theory, "scaffolding" means that the parent or teacher

Accepted Answer

A) stays out of the child's way so that discovery happens. 
B) assists the child with difficult parts of the task. 
C) provides social support by having other children nearby. 
D) demonstrates everything so that the child learns via observation and avoids making mistakes. 
A) stays out of the child's way so that discovery happens. 
B) assists the child with difficult parts of the task. 
C) provides social support by having other children nearby. 
D) demonstrates everything so that the child learns via observation and avoids making mistakes.

Question 7

A child with a theory of mind becomes capable of

Accepted Answer

A) wondering what others are thinking about her. 
B) applying animism to all areas of thought. 
C) overcoming cognitive equilibrium. 
D) understanding object permanence. 
A) wondering what others are thinking about her. 
B) applying animism to all areas of thought. 
C) overcoming cognitive equilibrium. 
D) understanding object permanence.

Question 8

For Piaget, the preschooler's egocentric speech

Accepted Answer

A) is trivially unimportant. 
B) guides and controls the child's thinking. 
C) is directed toward other children who are nearby. 
D) occurs simultaneously with the child's thinking. 
A) is trivially unimportant. 
B) guides and controls the child's thinking. 
C) is directed toward other children who are nearby. 
D) occurs simultaneously with the child's thinking.

Question 9

According to ____, the child's self-directed speech serves as a cognitive self-guidance system and develops eventually into silent inner speech.

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud 
B) socioculturalist Lev Vygotsky 
C) cognitive theorist Jean Piaget 
D) ecological theorist Uri Bronfenbrenner 
A) psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud 
B) socioculturalist Lev Vygotsky 
C) cognitive theorist Jean Piaget 
D) ecological theorist Uri Bronfenbrenner

Question 10

"Concrete operators" are

Accepted Answer

A) school-age children who do rough-and-tumble play. 
B) children of elementary school age. 
C) makers of durable heavy toys. 
D) users of durable heavy toys. 
A) school-age children who do rough-and-tumble play. 
B) children of elementary school age. 
C) makers of durable heavy toys. 
D) users of durable heavy toys.

Question 11

Vygotsky's theory has its richest applications in cultures that

Accepted Answer

A) expect the child to learn autonomously via discovery. 
B) emphasize individual self-reliance early in childhood. 
C) emphasize observational learning of important actions. 
D) give the child direct verbal instruction/encouragement. 
A) expect the child to learn autonomously via discovery. 
B) emphasize individual self-reliance early in childhood. 
C) emphasize observational learning of important actions. 
D) give the child direct verbal instruction/encouragement.

Question 12

Formal-operational thinking is most reliably demonstrated when the object of the exercise

Accepted Answer

A) is either familiar or unfamiliar. 
B) is easy rather than difficult. 
C) lends itself readily to hunches and intuitive thinking. 
D) is a familiar topic with which one has prior experience. 
A) is either familiar or unfamiliar. 
B) is easy rather than difficult. 
C) lends itself readily to hunches and intuitive thinking. 
D) is a familiar topic with which one has prior experience.

Question 13

In Vygotsky's view, ____ development refers to the comparative evolution of offspring competencies across species.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) sociohistorical 
C) microgenetic 
D) ontogenetic 
A) phylogenetic 
B) sociohistorical 
C) microgenetic 
D) ontogenetic

Question 14

Ralphy is eight. He has five dollars saved in his piggy bank, and he knows it would be the same amount as 500 pennies or as a five-dollar bill. Ralphy's understanding of money is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) organization. 
B) formal operations. 
C) assimilation. 
D) conservation of value. 
A) organization. 
B) formal operations. 
C) assimilation. 
D) conservation of value.

Question 15

A primary circular reaction is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) cognition of disgust when English is heard in France. 
B) imagined movement that is not actually performed. 
C) repetitive movement toward one's own body, such as thumb sucking. 
D) persistent search to find a missing object. 
A) cognition of disgust when English is heard in France. 
B) imagined movement that is not actually performed. 
C) repetitive movement toward one's own body, such as thumb sucking. 
D) persistent search to find a missing object.

Question 16

Janie is a preschooler who is learning to put together puzzles. Which circumstance will enhance her mastery of this skill, according to research on the zone of proximal development and scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A) If an older peer babysits her and works on the puzzles with her 
B) If her big sister is available to work with her on puzzles 
C) If she has a twin who can do the puzzles with her and they learn together 
D) If she works on the puzzles alone 
A) If an older peer babysits her and works on the puzzles with her 
B) If her big sister is available to work with her on puzzles 
C) If she has a twin who can do the puzzles with her and they learn together 
D) If she works on the puzzles alone

Question 17

Rogoff's "guided participation" is like

Accepted Answer

A) attending a college lecture. 
B) being trained as an apprentice. 
C) learning from your own mistakes. 
D) taking an Internet course by yourself. 
A) attending a college lecture. 
B) being trained as an apprentice. 
C) learning from your own mistakes. 
D) taking an Internet course by yourself.

Question 18

Michael is an eight-year-old who understands seriation, conservation of number, and amount. However, he fails to understand other types of conservation problems. This pattern of development

Accepted Answer

A) indicates that Michael is advanced for his age. 
B) is common and is termed horizontal decalage. 
C) suggests that Michael is delayed for his age. 
D) is uncommon and suggests that Michael will show deficits at a later age. 
A) indicates that Michael is advanced for his age. 
B) is common and is termed horizontal decalage. 
C) suggests that Michael is delayed for his age. 
D) is uncommon and suggests that Michael will show deficits at a later age.

Question 19

Piaget asserted that the transition between concrete operations and formal operations occurs

Accepted Answer

A) for fewer than half of all teenagers. 
B) quickly, within weeks. 
C) gradually, over an interval of several months. 
D) slowly, over an interval of years. 
A) for fewer than half of all teenagers. 
B) quickly, within weeks. 
C) gradually, over an interval of several months. 
D) slowly, over an interval of years.

Question 20

In Hala and Chandler's "hidden biscuit" experiment, it was shown with young preschoolers that

Accepted Answer

A) three-year-olds are always egocentric. 
B) three-year-olds are incapable of lying. 
C) three-year-olds are sometimes nonegocentric. 
D) Piaget's age estimates for egocentrism were confirmed. 
A) three-year-olds are always egocentric. 
B) three-year-olds are incapable of lying. 
C) three-year-olds are sometimes nonegocentric. 
D) Piaget's age estimates for egocentrism were confirmed.

Multiple actions are first planned and done together during which substage of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

Suppose that a naval submarine were lost. If rescuers made the A-not-B error, where would they search?

When a young child discovers that simply changing the shape of an object does not necessarily change the amount of the object (e.g., a flattened ball of clay contains the same amount of clay as when it was rolled into a ball), the child is showing an understanding of

These are all Piaget's contributions EXCEPT that

PIAGET'S THEORY is to VYGOTSKY'S THEORY as is to .

In Vygotsky's theory, "scaffolding" means that the parent or teacher

A child with a theory of mind becomes capable of

For Piaget, the preschooler's egocentric speech

According to ____, the child's self-directed speech serves as a cognitive self-guidance system and develops eventually into silent inner speech.

"Concrete operators" are

Vygotsky's theory has its richest applications in cultures that

Formal-operational thinking is most reliably demonstrated when the object of the exercise

In Vygotsky's view, ____ development refers to the comparative evolution of offspring competencies across species.

Ralphy is eight. He has five dollars saved in his piggy bank, and he knows it would be the same amount as 500 pennies or as a five-dollar bill. Ralphy's understanding of money is best described as

A primary circular reaction is a(n)

Janie is a preschooler who is learning to put together puzzles. Which circumstance will enhance her mastery of this skill, according to research on the zone of proximal development and scaffolding?

Rogoff's "guided participation" is like

Michael is an eight-year-old who understands seriation, conservation of number, and amount. However, he fails to understand other types of conservation problems. This pattern of development

Piaget asserted that the transition between concrete operations and formal operations occurs

In Hala and Chandler's "hidden biscuit" experiment, it was shown with young preschoolers that

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Multiple actions are first planned and done together during which substage of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

Suppose that a naval submarine were lost. If rescuers made the A-not-B error, where would they search?

When a young child discovers that simply changing the shape of an object does not necessarily change the amount of the object (e.g., a flattened ball of clay contains the same amount of clay as when it was rolled into a ball), the child is showing an understanding of

These are all Piaget's contributions EXCEPT that

PIAGET'S THEORY is to VYGOTSKY'S THEORY as ____ is to ____.

In Vygotsky's theory, "scaffolding" means that the parent or teacher

A child with a theory of mind becomes capable of

For Piaget, the preschooler's egocentric speech

According to ____, the child's self-directed speech serves as a cognitive self-guidance system and develops eventually into silent inner speech.

"Concrete operators" are

Vygotsky's theory has its richest applications in cultures that

Formal-operational thinking is most reliably demonstrated when the object of the exercise

In Vygotsky's view, ____ development refers to the comparative evolution of offspring competencies across species.

Ralphy is eight. He has five dollars saved in his piggy bank, and he knows it would be the same amount as 500 pennies or as a five-dollar bill. Ralphy's understanding of money is best described as

A primary circular reaction is a(n)

Janie is a preschooler who is learning to put together puzzles. Which circumstance will enhance her mastery of this skill, according to research on the zone of proximal development and scaffolding?

Rogoff's "guided participation" is like

Michael is an eight-year-old who understands seriation, conservation of number, and amount. However, he fails to understand other types of conservation problems. This pattern of development

Piaget asserted that the transition between concrete operations and formal operations occurs

In Hala and Chandler's "hidden biscuit" experiment, it was shown with young preschoolers that

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

PIAGET'S THEORY is to VYGOTSKY'S THEORY as is to .