Exam 6: Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Piaget described the preoperational child as an egocentric, animistic thinker. He also believed the preoperational child to be incapable of conservation. Describe Piaget's basis for his conclusions, and explain why current developmentalists believe preoperational children to be more cognitively capable than Piaget maintained.

Piaget's sensorimotor stage includes the period of

Piaget defined intelligence as adaptive behavior. He maintained that two complementary processes, assimilation and accommodation, are involved in every interaction and that when these two processes are in equilibrium, behavior will be adaptive. Describe the processes of assimilation and accommodation, and give an example of each.

Which theorist(s) regarded the child's self-directed speech to be important, sophisticated, purposive, or communicative?

At Indian ceremonials, young children wear costumes and are shown proper ways to dance. This illustrates Rogoff's principle called

Piaget's "three-mountain problem" was used to assess preoperational children's

Regarding the role of language, PIAGET'S EGOCENTRIC SPEECH is to VYGOTSKY'S PRIVATE SPEECH as ____ is to ____.

Children are no longer frightened by Halloween costumes and instead regard them as entertaining once they have mastered the

During Piaget's process of "equilibration," the child

When a child appreciates that other people have their own unique ideas, perceptions, or emotions, then ____ has been overcome.

Among four- to eight-month-old infants, secondary circular reactions will most often be directed toward

The child's understanding that objects still exist even when out of sight is called

In Vygotsky's view, ____ development refers to long-term changes in norms such as a country's child-rearing attitudes and practices.

Dual encoding refers to

According to Vygotsky, ____ speech plays a critical role in development by helping children regulate their behavior and plan strategies in accomplishing a goal.

For Vygotsky, private speech is

"Inner experimentation" becomes possible during Piaget's ____ substage of the sensorimotor stage.

"Play money" may seem real to the preschooler who does not yet understand

A simpler term that means roughly the same thing as "representational insight" would be

ANIMISM is to EGOCENTRISM as ____ is to ____.