Question 1

Which theorist--Piaget or Vygotsky--emphasized the importance of nature more? Why?

Accepted Answer

Between Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, it

Question 2

Rogoff and her colleagues evaluated the process of guided participation across cultures and found that

Accepted Answer

A) in most cultures, teachers are the primary guides. 
B) guided participation is most effective when done by a parent. 
C) North American children are not exposed to guided participation. 
D) cultures vary in the extent to which children are taught directly through the contact they have with adults. 
A) in most cultures, teachers are the primary guides. 
B) guided participation is most effective when done by a parent. 
C) North American children are not exposed to guided participation. 
D) cultures vary in the extent to which children are taught directly through the contact they have with adults.

Question 3

If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the pocket calculator as a(n) ____ in modern America.

Accepted Answer

A) device for inner experimentation 
B) tool of intellectual adaptation 
C) zone of proximal development 
D) electronic scaffold 
A) device for inner experimentation 
B) tool of intellectual adaptation 
C) zone of proximal development 
D) electronic scaffold

Question 4

A criticism of Piaget was that he did not distinguish competence from performance. This implies that

Accepted Answer

A) real competence might not be shown on particular tests. 
B) a performance test typically overestimates competence. 
C) the examiner might cheat on the scoring of performance. 
D) application of psychic power can inflate performance. 
A) real competence might not be shown on particular tests. 
B) a performance test typically overestimates competence. 
C) the examiner might cheat on the scoring of performance. 
D) application of psychic power can inflate performance.

Question 5

Having a skillful teacher who guides the child's learning is very important in ____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) neither Piaget's theory nor Vygotsky's 
B) Vygotsky's theory more than in Piaget's 
C) Piaget's theory more than in Vygotsky's 
D) both Vygotsky's theory and Piaget's 
A) neither Piaget's theory nor Vygotsky's 
B) Vygotsky's theory more than in Piaget's 
C) Piaget's theory more than in Vygotsky's 
D) both Vygotsky's theory and Piaget's

Question 6

The nature-nurture theme of the text is particularly important to _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) Vygotsky's 
B) Rogoff's 
C) Piaget's 
D) Freud's 
A) Vygotsky's 
B) Rogoff's 
C) Piaget's 
D) Freud's

Question 7

For Vygotsky, the benefits of skillful expert tutoring ____ the zone of proximal development.

Accepted Answer

A) surround 
B) are focused within 
C) are repelled away from 
D) are negated or canceled by 
A) surround 
B) are focused within 
C) are repelled away from 
D) are negated or canceled by

Question 8

An important development during the concrete operational stage is a better understanding of relational logic. Identify two mental operations necessary to successfully answer problems involving relational logic.

Accepted Answer

During the concrete operational stage, w

Question 9

At a carnival shooting gallery, a moving target travels diagonally behind a barrier. If the shooter understands "invisible displacement," where will the target's reappearance be anticipated?

Accepted Answer

A) Where the target went behind the barrier 
B) At any random location along the edges of the barrier 
C) At the other side of the barrier, consistent with the target's trajectory 
D) In the center of the barrier 
A) Where the target went behind the barrier 
B) At any random location along the edges of the barrier 
C) At the other side of the barrier, consistent with the target's trajectory 
D) In the center of the barrier

Question 10

Formal schooling, in which knowledge is learned for its own sake, was identified by Rogoff as

Accepted Answer

A) context-independent learning. 
B) hypothetico-deductive nonsense. 
C) decentrated political correctness. 
D) microgenetic tertiary detail acquisition. 
A) context-independent learning. 
B) hypothetico-deductive nonsense. 
C) decentrated political correctness. 
D) microgenetic tertiary detail acquisition.

Question 11

List three key findings from cross-cultural research on Piaget's theory.

Accepted Answer

1. Cultural variations in cognitive deve

Question 12

Critics argue that Piaget's portrayal of the child's transition across developmental stages is

Accepted Answer

A) fairly useless because of its reliance on animal data. 
B) based too rigidly on formal experimental research. 
C) unnecessarily complicated and precise. 
D) vague and weak in explanatory power. 
A) fairly useless because of its reliance on animal data. 
B) based too rigidly on formal experimental research. 
C) unnecessarily complicated and precise. 
D) vague and weak in explanatory power.

Question 13

Teachers who apply Vygotsky's principles in the classroom will be especially keen to encourage

Accepted Answer

A) exercises in sensory discrimination or detection. 
B) competition, as with mock quiz shows. 
C) lecturing by expert guest speakers. 
D) cooperative learning experiences. 
A) exercises in sensory discrimination or detection. 
B) competition, as with mock quiz shows. 
C) lecturing by expert guest speakers. 
D) cooperative learning experiences.

Question 14

The child's understanding that others have their own unique thoughts, feelings, or beliefs is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) appearance/reality distinction. 
B) microgenetic reflection. 
C) contra-egocentrism. 
D) theory of mind. 
A) appearance/reality distinction. 
B) microgenetic reflection. 
C) contra-egocentrism. 
D) theory of mind.

Question 15

Secondary circular reactions are

Accepted Answer

A) unique motions done without a target. 
B) unique motions directed toward the infant's own body. 
C) repetitive motions directed toward the infant's body. 
D) repetitive motions directed toward external objects. 
A) unique motions done without a target. 
B) unique motions directed toward the infant's own body. 
C) repetitive motions directed toward the infant's body. 
D) repetitive motions directed toward external objects.

Question 16

A chef says, "The recipe for goo-rolls is specific. You must do all 15 steps in the exact stated order." This recipe illustrates the principle of

Accepted Answer

A) invariant sequence. 
B) symbolic and behavioral schemes. 
C) transitivity. 
D) egocentrism. 
A) invariant sequence. 
B) symbolic and behavioral schemes. 
C) transitivity. 
D) egocentrism.

Question 17

Rogoff's research on guided participation indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) guided participation is irrelevant to cognitive development. 
B) the extent to which guided participation is applied in a given context depends on the specific types of skills and behaviors that children are expected to acquire. 
C) some parents are unable to be effective guides. 
D) some children are unable to benefit from guided participation. 
A) guided participation is irrelevant to cognitive development. 
B) the extent to which guided participation is applied in a given context depends on the specific types of skills and behaviors that children are expected to acquire. 
C) some parents are unable to be effective guides. 
D) some children are unable to benefit from guided participation.

Question 18

A slogan of Vygotsky's ideal classroom might be,

Accepted Answer

A) "Discover knowledge by yourself." 
B) "Cooperate with others in groups." 
C) "Compete against others in teams." 
D) "Write accurate notes from the lecture." 
A) "Discover knowledge by yourself." 
B) "Cooperate with others in groups." 
C) "Compete against others in teams." 
D) "Write accurate notes from the lecture."

Question 19

A puppy explores and taps a rubber ball, and learns about the ball's properties via discovery. The puppy exemplifies Piaget's principle of

Accepted Answer

A) constructivism. 
B) horizontal decalage. 
C) representational insight. 
D) invariant developmental sequence. 
A) constructivism. 
B) horizontal decalage. 
C) representational insight. 
D) invariant developmental sequence.

Question 20

The preoperational principle called centration means that the child

Accepted Answer

A) receives help from parents on difficult tasks. 
B) attends to each object's single most salient feature. 
C) seeks perceptual balance on objects' spatial layouts. 
D) looks directly at objects, so that images are centered. 
A) receives help from parents on difficult tasks. 
B) attends to each object's single most salient feature. 
C) seeks perceptual balance on objects' spatial layouts. 
D) looks directly at objects, so that images are centered.

Which theorist--Piaget or Vygotsky--emphasized the importance of nature more? Why?

Rogoff and her colleagues evaluated the process of guided participation across cultures and found that

If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the pocket calculator as a(n) ____ in modern America.

A criticism of Piaget was that he did not distinguish competence from performance. This implies that

Having a skillful teacher who guides the child's learning is very important in ____ theory.

The nature-nurture theme of the text is particularly important to _____ theory.

For Vygotsky, the benefits of skillful expert tutoring ____ the zone of proximal development.

An important development during the concrete operational stage is a better understanding of relational logic. Identify two mental operations necessary to successfully answer problems involving relational logic.

At a carnival shooting gallery, a moving target travels diagonally behind a barrier. If the shooter understands "invisible displacement," where will the target's reappearance be anticipated?

Formal schooling, in which knowledge is learned for its own sake, was identified by Rogoff as

List three key findings from cross-cultural research on Piaget's theory.

Critics argue that Piaget's portrayal of the child's transition across developmental stages is

Teachers who apply Vygotsky's principles in the classroom will be especially keen to encourage

The child's understanding that others have their own unique thoughts, feelings, or beliefs is called a(n)

Secondary circular reactions are

A chef says, "The recipe for goo-rolls is specific. You must do all 15 steps in the exact stated order." This recipe illustrates the principle of

Rogoff's research on guided participation indicates that

A slogan of Vygotsky's ideal classroom might be,

A puppy explores and taps a rubber ball, and learns about the ball's properties via discovery. The puppy exemplifies Piaget's principle of

The preoperational principle called centration means that the child

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Which theorist--Piaget or Vygotsky--emphasized the importance of nature more? Why?

Rogoff and her colleagues evaluated the process of guided participation across cultures and found that

If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the pocket calculator as a(n) ____ in modern America.

A criticism of Piaget was that he did not distinguish competence from performance. This implies that

Having a skillful teacher who guides the child's learning is very important in ____ theory.

The nature-nurture theme of the text is particularly important to _____ theory.

For Vygotsky, the benefits of skillful expert tutoring ____ the zone of proximal development.

An important development during the concrete operational stage is a better understanding of relational logic. Identify two mental operations necessary to successfully answer problems involving relational logic.

At a carnival shooting gallery, a moving target travels diagonally behind a barrier. If the shooter understands "invisible displacement," where will the target's reappearance be anticipated?

Formal schooling, in which knowledge is learned for its own sake, was identified by Rogoff as

List three key findings from cross-cultural research on Piaget's theory.

Critics argue that Piaget's portrayal of the child's transition across developmental stages is

Teachers who apply Vygotsky's principles in the classroom will be especially keen to encourage

The child's understanding that others have their own unique thoughts, feelings, or beliefs is called a(n)

Secondary circular reactions are

A chef says, "The recipe for goo-rolls is specific. You must do all 15 steps in the exact stated order." This recipe illustrates the principle of

Rogoff's research on guided participation indicates that

A slogan of Vygotsky's ideal classroom might be,

A puppy explores and taps a rubber ball, and learns about the ball's properties via discovery. The puppy exemplifies Piaget's principle of

The preoperational principle called centration means that the child

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters