Exam 22: Population Genetics and Evolution

When looking at the MN blood group with three alleles,how many degrees of freedom will be used to compare observed versus expected results?

Using the allele frequencies in the table below,what is the probability that a random person who was heterozygous 12/14 for VWA would also be homozygous 18/18 for FGA?

What type of statistical analysis is used to compare observed and expected results in order to evaluate the validity of an estimate based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Physical separation of a segment of a large population by a physical barrier that prevents gene flow can lead to

What are the three key elements for determining F,a measure that a particular allele is IBD,using pedigree analysis?

If the frequency of PKU (an autosomal recessive disease)is 1%,what percentage of the population are completely unaffected (homozygous dominant)?

When populations share a single habitat but are isolated by genetic or postzygotic mechanisms that prevent gene flow,what process can cause populations to diverge?

Explain why rare recessive alleles are more likely to produce a recessive phenotype as a result of inbreeding.

Forward and reverse mutation can create a ________,given a sufficient number of generations and the absence of other evolutionary processes.

Cheetahs exhibit significant inbreeding and loss of heterozygosity due to overhunting and loss of habitat experienced at some point in their evolutionary history.Which genetic mechanism occurs when a large population is substantially reduced at random,acting independently of natural selection?

Achrondroplasia is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder,while red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder.For a given population,the frequency of achondroplasia is 1 in 25,000.If red-green color blindness affects 9% of males,what percentage of the population would you expect to be a. colorblind males of normal height? b. colorblind females of normal height? c. males with normal vision and achondroplasia? d. females with normal vision and achondroplasia? e. males with both colorblindness and achondroplasia? f. females with both colorblindness and achondroplasia?

In the general population,1 in 300 individuals is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease,while 1 in 30 individuals of Ashkenazi Jew descent are carriers.Tay-Sachs also affects 1 in 30 individuals with French-Canadian ancestry,although two completely unique mutations are responsible for the Ashkenazi and French-Canadian mutations. -What are the chances of two individuals who are carriers having a child with Tay-Sachs if a. both individuals are not of Ashkenazi or French-Canadian descent? b. one individual is of Ashkenazi descent and one is not? c. both individuals are of Ashkenazi descent?

Given the following pedigree,what is the coefficient of inbreeding for individual V-1?

Inbreeding depression,the reduction in fitness of inbred organisms,often results from the reduced level of what (within the gene pool)?

The coefficient of inbreeding quantifies the probability that two alleles in a homozygous individual are ________,having descended from the same copy of the allele carried by a common ancestor of the inbred individual.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)is extremely common in Ireland,affecting approximately 1 in 4500 live births.What is the frequency of PKU carriers?

The process by which an original species is transformed into a new species over an extended period of time that spans many generations is known as

Mexican hairless dogs are heterozygous (Hh),carrying a single copy of the dominant lethal allele.In a given population,the Hh genotypic frequency is 60% and the frequency of each homozygote is 20%.Assuming w = 1 for the Hh and hh dogs,what is the estimated genotypic frequency of the lethal HH genotype after reproduction?

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic mechanism for reproductive isolation?

________ is an evolutionary mechanism that favors the reproductive success of certain members of a population over others as a result of differences in anatomical,physiological,or behavioral traits they possess.