Question 1

How and when does the Antennapedia complex change antennae into legs?

Accepted Answer

The Antennapedia complex is normally expressed in parasegments 4 and 5,where it is necessary for thoracic structures that produce legs.If it is expressed inappropriately in head segments (usually in parasegment #3),it promotes development of legs instead of antennae.

Question 2

Drosophila mutations such as bcd,if homozygous in the mother,produce offspring with lethal defects,no matter what the genotype of the offspring.For some other genes,the mutant phenotype can be "rescued" by introducing a wild-type allele.Why the difference?

Accepted Answer

A) Non-rescuable mutations are of paternal origin. 
B) Rescuable mutations act as dominants. 
C) bcd is a maternal effect mutation. 
D) Rescue requires recombination between the maternal and introduced alleles. 
E) bcd is a Hox gene. 
A) Non-rescuable mutations are of paternal origin. 
B) Rescuable mutations act as dominants. 
C) bcd is a maternal effect mutation. 
D) Rescue requires recombination between the maternal and introduced alleles. 
E) bcd is a Hox gene. C

Question 3

What genetic evidence can demonstrate that some developmental events are due to chemical signaling?

Accepted Answer

In many instances,a developmental event requires that nearby tissue is intact and actively releasing a chemical signal.The inductive signals may be lost when an "anchor cell" is ablated,and further development is inhibited when the chemical signal is lost.In addition,mutations that cause that inductive chemical signal to be disseminated to additional cells can result in multiple structures forming,indicating that it is the presence of the chemical and its activation of gene pathways that encourages developmental events,resulting in the formation of specific cell structures.

Question 4

A highly conserved protein domain of 60 amino acids is found in a large number of animals.This domain allows the proteins in question to bind to what?

Accepted Answer

regulatory

Question 5

An embryonic stem cell has the potential to differentiate into any cell or tissue type.Is it differentiated,pluripotent,or totipotent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An embryonic stem cell has the potential...

Question 6

In Drosophila and other animals,Hox genes encode transcription factors that control development;but in Arabidopsis,a different family of transcription factors is produced with a different set of conserved amino acids.These are encoded by what group of genes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Drosophila and other animals,Hox genes encode...

Question 7

Certain species of lilies,if eaten by pregnant ewes,can cause the ewes to produce lambs with severe birth defects because the plants' cyclopamine can block embryonic response to Shh.This type of birth defect is a phenocopy of mutations in which genes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Certain species of lilies,if eaten by pregnant...

Question 8

Which of the groups of early developmental genes in Drosophila act across segment boundaries to produce parasegments?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the groups of early developmental...

Question 9

Holoprosencephaly is a highly variable condition in mammals,including humans.Its effects range from an absence of brain areas,mid-face disorders,and cyclopia to slight dental abnormalities.One form,HPE3,is caused by Shh mutations.Familial cases are inherited as dominants.Which of the following do you expect?

Accepted Answer

A) HPE3 is actually a multigene complex. 
B) Each type of malformation is due to a different HPE3 allele. 
C) HPE3 expression is modified by genetic background. 
D) HPE3 individuals also share a common environmental exposure. 
E) All mutations in Shh that result in HPE3 are due to frameshifts. 
A) HPE3 is actually a multigene complex. 
B) Each type of malformation is due to a different HPE3 allele. 
C) HPE3 expression is modified by genetic background. 
D) HPE3 individuals also share a common environmental exposure. 
E) All mutations in Shh that result in HPE3 are due to frameshifts.

Question 10

The establishment of the axes of the body plan occurs during which stage of Drosophila development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The establishment of the axes of the...

Question 11

What are Hox and MADS genes,and what do they have in common?

Accepted Answer

Hox genes are animal genes sharing a hom

Question 12

Which group of genes in Drosophila embryos must be mutated if the result is elimination of a significantly sized,contiguous region of segmentation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which group of genes in Drosophila embryos...

Question 13

In Drosophila,germ cells develop from pole nuclei isolated from the rest of the embryo at the posterior end.How are they "protected" from the effects of posterior concentrations of zygote-produced mRNAs and proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Their genes have unresponsive promoters. 
B) The cytoplasm at the pole is separated by a compartmentalizing membrane. 
C) The pair-rule,gap,and segmentation genes are not expressed in these cells. 
D) Homeotic genes in these cells are inhibited by zygotic genes from the mother. 
E) Paternal effects operate on the embryo only in the pole cells. 
A) Their genes have unresponsive promoters. 
B) The cytoplasm at the pole is separated by a compartmentalizing membrane. 
C) The pair-rule,gap,and segmentation genes are not expressed in these cells. 
D) Homeotic genes in these cells are inhibited by zygotic genes from the mother. 
E) Paternal effects operate on the embryo only in the pole cells.

Question 14

The process by which the presence and activity of neighboring cells determine an aspect of development is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process by which the presence and...

Question 15

Polycomb group (PcG)mutants cause gain-of-function of Antennapedia (Antp)and other homeotic genes by causing some of these genes to be expressed in tissues where they are usually repressed.PcG has a domain that binds to methylated histone H3.This finding supports which of the following hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A) that PcG binds to Antp genes and serves as a transcription activator 
B) that PcG mutants have phenotypes like those of Antp mutants 
C) that PcG regulates genes by altering chromatin remodeling 
D) that PcG initiates repression of Antp genes in tissues 
E) that PcG is a repressor molecule like those found in bacteria 
A) that PcG binds to Antp genes and serves as a transcription activator 
B) that PcG mutants have phenotypes like those of Antp mutants 
C) that PcG regulates genes by altering chromatin remodeling 
D) that PcG initiates repression of Antp genes in tissues 
E) that PcG is a repressor molecule like those found in bacteria

Question 16

In an organism such as a sea urchin,administration of actinomycin D prevents RNA synthesis.However,early development up to gastrula formation can take place in the presence of actinomycin D but gastrulation cannot.This implies that

Accepted Answer

A) development beyond gastrulation requires actD. 
B) actD is part of the normal environment of a sea urchin and serves as a developmental signal molecule. 
C) actD receptors begin to form only on cell surfaces of the gastrula. 
D) maternal effect genes regulate development until gastrulation. 
E) immature sea urchin embryos produce actD to regulate further development. 
A) development beyond gastrulation requires actD. 
B) actD is part of the normal environment of a sea urchin and serves as a developmental signal molecule. 
C) actD receptors begin to form only on cell surfaces of the gastrula. 
D) maternal effect genes regulate development until gastrulation. 
E) immature sea urchin embryos produce actD to regulate further development.

Question 17

Molecules whose concentration and position in an embryo determine some aspect of development are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molecules whose concentration and position in an...

Question 18

If a cell from the blastoderm of the Drosophila embryo is committed to form part of an abdominal segment of the adult,such as the sixth one,and this cell is transplanted into the thorax-committed region of another embryo,will it develop properties of a thoracic or an abdominal segment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a cell from the blastoderm of...

Question 19

Use a description of C.elegans development to distinguish clearly between differentiation and determination.

Accepted Answer

The developmental potential of a cell de

Question 20

Use of double mutants has been invaluable in studying developmental pathways.In C.elegans,sex is determined by the ratio of sets of autosomes to X chromosomes.A diploid male has one X,and diploid hermaphrodites have two X's.The loss-of-function gene her-1 produces XO worms that are hermaphrodites,but XX worms are unaffected.Mutation of a second gene,tra,causes the XX to develop as male.Given this information,what would be the phenotype of a tra,her-1 double mutant?

Accepted Answer

A) a male nematode 
B) a female nematode 
C) a hermaphrodite 
D) an intersex variant 
E) lethality 
A) a male nematode 
B) a female nematode 
C) a hermaphrodite 
D) an intersex variant 
E) lethality

How and when does the Antennapedia complex change antennae into legs?

Drosophila mutations such as bcd,if homozygous in the mother,produce offspring with lethal defects,no matter what the genotype of the offspring.For some other genes,the mutant phenotype can be "rescued" by introducing a wild-type allele.Why the difference?

What genetic evidence can demonstrate that some developmental events are due to chemical signaling?

A highly conserved protein domain of 60 amino acids is found in a large number of animals.This domain allows the proteins in question to bind to what?

An embryonic stem cell has the potential to differentiate into any cell or tissue type.Is it differentiated,pluripotent,or totipotent?

In Drosophila and other animals,Hox genes encode transcription factors that control development;but in Arabidopsis,a different family of transcription factors is produced with a different set of conserved amino acids.These are encoded by what group of genes?

Certain species of lilies,if eaten by pregnant ewes,can cause the ewes to produce lambs with severe birth defects because the plants' cyclopamine can block embryonic response to Shh.This type of birth defect is a phenocopy of mutations in which genes?

Which of the groups of early developmental genes in Drosophila act across segment boundaries to produce parasegments?

The establishment of the axes of the body plan occurs during which stage of Drosophila development?

What are Hox and MADS genes,and what do they have in common?

Which group of genes in Drosophila embryos must be mutated if the result is elimination of a significantly sized,contiguous region of segmentation?

In Drosophila,germ cells develop from pole nuclei isolated from the rest of the embryo at the posterior end.How are they "protected" from the effects of posterior concentrations of zygote-produced mRNAs and proteins?

The process by which the presence and activity of neighboring cells determine an aspect of development is called ________.

Polycomb group (PcG)mutants cause gain-of-function of Antennapedia (Antp)and other homeotic genes by causing some of these genes to be expressed in tissues where they are usually repressed.PcG has a domain that binds to methylated histone H3.This finding supports which of the following hypotheses?

In an organism such as a sea urchin,administration of actinomycin D prevents RNA synthesis.However,early development up to gastrula formation can take place in the presence of actinomycin D but gastrulation cannot.This implies that

Molecules whose concentration and position in an embryo determine some aspect of development are called ________.

If a cell from the blastoderm of the Drosophila embryo is committed to form part of an abdominal segment of the adult,such as the sixth one,and this cell is transplanted into the thorax-committed region of another embryo,will it develop properties of a thoracic or an abdominal segment?

Use a description of C.elegans development to distinguish clearly between differentiation and determination.

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

DNA Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology

Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

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Exam 20: Developmental Genetics

How and when does the Antennapedia complex change antennae into legs?

Drosophila mutations such as bcd,if homozygous in the mother,produce offspring with lethal defects,no matter what the genotype of the offspring.For some other genes,the mutant phenotype can be "rescued" by introducing a wild-type allele.Why the difference?

What genetic evidence can demonstrate that some developmental events are due to chemical signaling?

A highly conserved protein domain of 60 amino acids is found in a large number of animals.This domain allows the proteins in question to bind to what?

An embryonic stem cell has the potential to differentiate into any cell or tissue type.Is it differentiated,pluripotent,or totipotent?

In Drosophila and other animals,Hox genes encode transcription factors that control development;but in Arabidopsis,a different family of transcription factors is produced with a different set of conserved amino acids.These are encoded by what group of genes?

Certain species of lilies,if eaten by pregnant ewes,can cause the ewes to produce lambs with severe birth defects because the plants' cyclopamine can block embryonic response to Shh.This type of birth defect is a phenocopy of mutations in which genes?

Which of the groups of early developmental genes in Drosophila act across segment boundaries to produce parasegments?

The establishment of the axes of the body plan occurs during which stage of Drosophila development?

What are Hox and MADS genes,and what do they have in common?

Which group of genes in Drosophila embryos must be mutated if the result is elimination of a significantly sized,contiguous region of segmentation?

In Drosophila,germ cells develop from pole nuclei isolated from the rest of the embryo at the posterior end.How are they "protected" from the effects of posterior concentrations of zygote-produced mRNAs and proteins?

The process by which the presence and activity of neighboring cells determine an aspect of development is called ________.

Polycomb group (PcG)mutants cause gain-of-function of Antennapedia (Antp)and other homeotic genes by causing some of these genes to be expressed in tissues where they are usually repressed.PcG has a domain that binds to methylated histone H3.This finding supports which of the following hypotheses?

In an organism such as a sea urchin,administration of actinomycin D prevents RNA synthesis.However,early development up to gastrula formation can take place in the presence of actinomycin D but gastrulation cannot.This implies that

Molecules whose concentration and position in an embryo determine some aspect of development are called ________.

If a cell from the blastoderm of the Drosophila embryo is committed to form part of an abdominal segment of the adult,such as the sixth one,and this cell is transplanted into the thorax-committed region of another embryo,will it develop properties of a thoracic or an abdominal segment?

Use a description of C.elegans development to distinguish clearly between differentiation and determination.

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

DNA Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology

Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

Filters