Exam 1: The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

A complete set of chromosomes is transmitted to produce identical daughter cells in which cell division process?

Organisms are constantly evolving and phylogenetic relationships can be reevaluated.Refer to the phylogenetic tree to answer the following questions. -How might you explain the fact that the common ancestor of snakes had legs?

What kind of bond is formed between complementary base pairs to join the two DNA strands into a double helix?

Both sugar gliders and flying squirrels have evolved characteristics that allow them to glide,despite being geographically separated.Similar traits that have independent origins arise as a result of what phenomenon?

What kind of bond is formed between the 5′ phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3′ hydroxyl (OH)group of the adjacent nucleotide?

What is the process of synthesizing single-stranded RNA from template DNA?

Which term describes a set of organisms that descended from a single common ancestor and are more closely related to other members of the group than to organisms outside the group?

The polarities of the complementary nucleic acid strands run in opposite directions5′-to-3′ and 3′-to-5′.The 5′ designation refers to the placement of what chemical group on the 5′ carbon of the deoxyribose sugar?

Modern genetics consists of three major branches.Which of these branches,also known as "transmission genetics," involves the study of the transmission of traits and characteristics in successive generations?

What kind of bond is formed between successive amino acids during translation?

Messenger RNA codons pair with tRNA anticodons at which cell structure?

When a diploid cell divides by mitosis,the result is

Watson and Crick used evidence from several studies to determine the structure of DNA.What conclusion were they able to draw from Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction data,specifically?

Phylogenetic trees are constructed based on morphological characteristics,but molecular phylogenetic trees are constructed based on which feature?

Which evolutionary process is most pronounced in small populations where statistical fluctuations in allele frequencies can be significant from one generation to the next?

Genetic experiments have revealed the relationship between the observable traits of an organism,or ________,and the genetic constitution of an organism,or ________.

What are the three major types of RNA and their functions? What would happen to translation if each of these RNAs were mutated or degraded?

Describe what is meant by adaptive and nonadaptive evolution.Which type of evolution might be represented by the presence of the sickle cell phenotype in regions with high rates of malaria? By the presence of both attached and detached earlobes in a given population?

Which evolutionary process describes the movement of members of a species from one population to another?

Which evolutionary process involves the slow addition of allelic variation that increases the hereditary diversity of populations,ultimately leading to evolutionary change?