Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

Erikson used the phrase "_____" to characterize the key element of adolescence.

In comparison to Freud, Erikson placed greater emphasis on

Which is a common criticism of learning approaches to human development?

When part of the libido remains tied to an earlier stage of development, _____ has occurred.

A major weakness of Erikson's theory is that they do not adequately explain how development comes about.

According to Freud, I am the component of personality that is impulsive, irrational, and driven to satisfy instincts. I am the

Self-efficacy is best defined as

In operant conditioning, _____ occurs when something unpleasant is removed from a situation and, as a result, the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring is strengthened.

Five-year-old Greta envies the fact that her father has something she doesn't, a penis. Freud referred to what Greta is experiencing as a(n) _____ complex.

Lisa and Lyle both want to stay up past their bedtimes to watch a show on TV. When their parents say "No," Lisa throws a fit, while Lyle says, "Please? I'll brush my teeth and get into PJs and be all ready, so I can just pop into bed the minute the show is over!" From a Freudian perspective, Lisa is responding from her _____, while Lyle is communicating through his _____.

Dr. Zaius believes that no one theory can explain human development and has developed an approach that incorporates elements from many of the major theories. Given this description, Dr. Zaius is best classified as a(n) _____ theorist.

Olga goes along with her brother Joe to his gymnastics class and watches closely while he works on the balance beam. One day, Olga's Mom finds her out in the back yard, with a board spread across two big boxes, doing some of the same maneuvers that she has seen Joe do in class. This is an example of

If asked to list the key issues on which developmental theorists tend to disagree, you should AVOID saying

Research showing that ducklings who had been denied access to their mother's call but who did hear the call of a chicken actually preferred to chicken-call after they were hatched, providing empirical evidence in support of the _____ approach to development.

An unconditioned stimulus is best described as a(n)

What in the past was often called school phobia is now referred to as

Molly has just entered the stage of formal operational thought. Something she can do now that she could not do before is

Which type of theorist would be most likely to describe the human mind in terms of "mental hardware and software"?

If effective, negative reinforcement leads to an increase in the frequency of a behavior.

A major criticism of Piaget's theory is that it