Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

In Watson and Raynor's study on Little Albert, a white rat served as the

Ruth is 80 years old and terminally ill with cancer. As she reflects back on her life, she comes to the conclusion that she has lived a full and productive life, and that it could not have been better lived in any other way. Ruth has successfully mastered the developmental crisis of

How would you create a new theory using the ideas of the theorists presented in this chapter? Which concepts would you keep and which would you eliminate?

Freud believed that unconscious motivation played no role in human behavior.

A reasonable criticism of Freudian psychoanalytic theory is that it puts too little emphasis on the

_____ are most likely to emphasize the impact of species-specific behaviors that are products of evolutionary history.

When describing her theory of development, Candice says, "The basic idea is that I take a stimulus that at first has no effect on an individual. Then I pair that stimulus with a second stimulus that does elicit some response. After the two have been paired together a few times, I test to see if the initial stimulus now elicits a response similar to the one elicited by the second stimulus." Given this description, Candice would be best classified as a(n) _____ conditioning theorist.

According to Freud, the component of personality containing internalized moral standards is called the _____.

Qualitative changes are best thought of as changes in _____, while quantitative changes are best thought of as changes in _____.

Use Freud's stages of psychosexual development to discuss the development of a child from birth through age 25. Be sure to include at least one example of fixation.

In Pavlov's study on digestion in dogs, the bell became the

According to Bandura, the phrase "human agency" refers to any group that offers assistance to children or adults.

Erikson's theory is different from Freud's because it

Acquiring a behavior by watching a model perform the act is called _____ learning.

Erikson and Freud both have psychoanalytic theories of development. What are the key similarities and differences of their approaches?

Many people suggest that violence in teenagers is due to the violent images they view in movies and video games. How would Skinner, Bandura, and Vygotsky react to this suggestion?

Four-year-old Ed says, "Mommy, when I grow up I want to marry you and be your husband." Given this statement, Ed appears to be experiencing a(n) _____ complex.

Epigenetic systems theorists argue that genes completely dictate human behavior.

The fact that Goober believes in different stages of development indicates that he views human development as reflecting

Which statement best exemplifies the process of extinction?