Question 1

Learning theory explanations for school refusal include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) the influence of unconscious desires of the id. 
B) consequences of staying at home versus going to school. 
C) the positive reinforcement for staying at home provided by a mother. 
D) a child seeing another child who became very anxious at school. 
A) the influence of unconscious desires of the id. 
B) consequences of staying at home versus going to school. 
C) the positive reinforcement for staying at home provided by a mother. 
D) a child seeing another child who became very anxious at school.

Question 2

Which of the following is a key criticism of Erikson's theory of personality development?

Accepted Answer

A) He is pessimistic regarding one's ability to overcome problems that have their roots in early childhood experiences. 
B) He portrays adulthood as a period of little growth and change. 
C) His theory is rather vague and difficult to test. 
D) His theory focuses too strongly on formal operations in thinking. 
A) He is pessimistic regarding one's ability to overcome problems that have their roots in early childhood experiences. 
B) He portrays adulthood as a period of little growth and change. 
C) His theory is rather vague and difficult to test. 
D) His theory focuses too strongly on formal operations in thinking.

Question 3

Lindsey argues that she is not responsible for any of her bad behavior as she is driven by biological and environmental factors over which she has no control. This belief best exemplifies the _____ position on development.

Accepted Answer

A) discontinuity 
B) continuity 
C) passivity 
D) activity 
A) discontinuity 
B) continuity 
C) passivity 
D) activity

Question 4

A list of the most influential psychoanalytic theorists would include the name

Accepted Answer

A) Erikson. 
B) Bronfenbrenner. 
C) Bandura. 
D) Gottlieb. 
A) Erikson. 
B) Bronfenbrenner. 
C) Bandura. 
D) Gottlieb.

Question 5

Which statement concerning effective positive reinforcement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous schedules are most effective for establishing and maintaining a behavior. 
B) Partial schedules are most effective for establishing and maintaining a behavior. 
C) When first learning a behavior, a partial schedule of reinforcement is best, but when attempting to maintain a behavior, a continuous schedule is most effective. 
D) When first learning a behavior, a continuous schedule of reinforcement is best, but when attempting to maintain a behavior, a partial schedule is most effective. 
A) Continuous schedules are most effective for establishing and maintaining a behavior. 
B) Partial schedules are most effective for establishing and maintaining a behavior. 
C) When first learning a behavior, a partial schedule of reinforcement is best, but when attempting to maintain a behavior, a continuous schedule is most effective. 
D) When first learning a behavior, a continuous schedule of reinforcement is best, but when attempting to maintain a behavior, a partial schedule is most effective.

Question 6

When asked to describe development, Tyson says, "I believe that a person's genes impact his basic traits; these traits are also impacted by environmental experiences, and as these factors are interactive, it is tough to predict the outcome of development." Given this statement, Tyson is best classified as a(n) _____ theorist.

Accepted Answer

A) epigenetic psychobiological systems 
B) social cognitive 
C) classical conditioning 
D) psychoanalytic 
A) epigenetic psychobiological systems 
B) social cognitive 
C) classical conditioning 
D) psychoanalytic

Question 7

For Piaget, conservation is the ability to recognize that

Accepted Answer

A) certain properties of an object do not change, even when its appearance is altered in a superficial way. 
B) specific sounds are associated with specific symbols (letters). 
C) needs are greater than wants. 
D) liberal ideas tend to be more complicated and more controversial. 
A) certain properties of an object do not change, even when its appearance is altered in a superficial way. 
B) specific sounds are associated with specific symbols (letters). 
C) needs are greater than wants. 
D) liberal ideas tend to be more complicated and more controversial.

Question 8

Cindy watches her big sister, Marsha, get ready for a big date by applying a lot of eye makeup. Cindy decides that the eye makeup would look good on her but decides to wait a while to get ready. When Marsha and Cindy come downstairs, their mother Carol screams at Marsha and tells her to go back upstairs and remove the eye makeup. Later, when Cindy is getting ready to go out, she looks at the makeup on her dresser and decides against putting it on. What concept best explains Cindy's decision?

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Defense mechanisms 
C) Vicarious reinforcement 
D) Regression 
A) Classical conditioning 
B) Defense mechanisms 
C) Vicarious reinforcement 
D) Regression

Question 9

Freud believed that human infants were born with

Accepted Answer

A) only an id. 
B) an id and an ego. 
C) an ego and a superego. 
D) an id, ego, and superego. 
A) only an id. 
B) an id and an ego. 
C) an ego and a superego. 
D) an id, ego, and superego.

Question 10

Reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) strengthens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future. 
B) weakens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future. 
C) strengthens a desired response while weakening an undesired response. 
D) weakens a desired response while strengthening an undesired response. 
A) strengthens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future. 
B) weakens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future. 
C) strengthens a desired response while weakening an undesired response. 
D) weakens a desired response while strengthening an undesired response.

Question 11

Tara and Chris have just brought their infant daughter home from the hospital. They imagine they will have tough times ahead, for they firmly believe that all children are born with selfish tendencies, and they take their job seriously as the ones who must keep their child in line. Tara and Chris hold a view that is most like that of

Accepted Answer

A) Thomas Hobbes. 
B) Albert Bandura. 
C) Jean Jacques Rousseau. 
D) John Locke. 
A) Thomas Hobbes. 
B) Albert Bandura. 
C) Jean Jacques Rousseau. 
D) John Locke.

Question 12

Bandura is best known for developing _____ cognitive theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bandura is best known for developing _____...

Question 13

Because Rooney has a strong belief in a sociocultural view of cognitive development, he would be most likely to say, "_____."

Accepted Answer

A) It's all about genes 
B) You have to consider the important impact of historical context on development 
C) Development clearly follows a specific set of stages 
D) Unconscious motives underlie most decisions 
A) It's all about genes 
B) You have to consider the important impact of historical context on development 
C) Development clearly follows a specific set of stages 
D) Unconscious motives underlie most decisions

Question 14

The universality-context-specificity issue is concerned with whether

Accepted Answer

A) we all follow the same or different developmental paths. 
B) environmental or biological factors are more influential in development. 
C) we pass through abrupt developmental stages or develop in small, gradual steps. 
D) we all participate in our developmental outcomes or not. 
A) we all follow the same or different developmental paths. 
B) environmental or biological factors are more influential in development. 
C) we pass through abrupt developmental stages or develop in small, gradual steps. 
D) we all participate in our developmental outcomes or not.

Question 15

Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between

Accepted Answer

A) a want and a desire. 
B) genes and environmental experience. 
C) a person, his or her behavior, and the environment. 
D) a reinforcement and a consequence. 
A) a want and a desire. 
B) genes and environmental experience. 
C) a person, his or her behavior, and the environment. 
D) a reinforcement and a consequence.

Question 16

Which theoretical camp suggests that we should study only what we can directly observe and measure (i.e., overt behaviors)?

Accepted Answer

A) Behaviorism 
B) Psychoanalysis 
C) Constructivism 
D) Epigenesis 
A) Behaviorism 
B) Psychoanalysis 
C) Constructivism 
D) Epigenesis

Question 17

A theory guides all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) what is most important to study. 
B) what can be hypothesized about. 
C) how many times an issue should be studied. 
D) how an issue should be studied. 
A) what is most important to study. 
B) what can be hypothesized about. 
C) how many times an issue should be studied. 
D) how an issue should be studied.

Question 18

The ego is the irrational, impulsive component of personality that serves only to satisfy one's instincts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

As a strong believer of the influence of experience, John Locke emphasized the role of _____ in human development.

Accepted Answer

A) fixations 
B) nature 
C) stages 
D) nurture 
A) fixations 
B) nature 
C) stages 
D) nurture

Question 20

Which is the best example of positive punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) Giving a child money to get her to mow the lawn 
B) Hollering at a child to get him to stop fighting 
C) Grounding a child in order to stop her from staying out late 
D) Spanking a child in order to get him to stop swearing 
A) Giving a child money to get her to mow the lawn 
B) Hollering at a child to get him to stop fighting 
C) Grounding a child in order to stop her from staying out late 
D) Spanking a child in order to get him to stop swearing

Learning theory explanations for school refusal include all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is a key criticism of Erikson's theory of personality development?

Lindsey argues that she is not responsible for any of her bad behavior as she is driven by biological and environmental factors over which she has no control. This belief best exemplifies the _____ position on development.

A list of the most influential psychoanalytic theorists would include the name

Which statement concerning effective positive reinforcement is true?

For Piaget, conservation is the ability to recognize that

Freud believed that human infants were born with

Reinforcement

Bandura is best known for developing _____ cognitive theory.

Because Rooney has a strong belief in a sociocultural view of cognitive development, he would be most likely to say, "_____."

The universality-context-specificity issue is concerned with whether

Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between

Which theoretical camp suggests that we should study only what we can directly observe and measure (i.e., overt behaviors)?

A theory guides all of the following EXCEPT

The ego is the irrational, impulsive component of personality that serves only to satisfy one's instincts.

As a strong believer of the influence of experience, John Locke emphasized the role of _____ in human development.

Which is the best example of positive punishment?

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Health and Physical Development

Sensation, Perception, and Attention

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Attachment and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

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Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

Learning theory explanations for school refusal include all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is a key criticism of Erikson's theory of personality development?

Lindsey argues that she is not responsible for any of her bad behavior as she is driven by biological and environmental factors over which she has no control. This belief best exemplifies the _____ position on development.

A list of the most influential psychoanalytic theorists would include the name

Which statement concerning effective positive reinforcement is true?

For Piaget, conservation is the ability to recognize that

Freud believed that human infants were born with

Reinforcement

Bandura is best known for developing _____ cognitive theory.

Because Rooney has a strong belief in a sociocultural view of cognitive development, he would be most likely to say, "_____."

The universality-context-specificity issue is concerned with whether

Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between

Which theoretical camp suggests that we should study only what we can directly observe and measure (i.e., overt behaviors)?

A theory guides all of the following EXCEPT

The ego is the irrational, impulsive component of personality that serves only to satisfy one's instincts.

As a strong believer of the influence of experience, John Locke emphasized the role of _____ in human development.

Which is the best example of positive punishment?

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Health and Physical Development

Sensation, Perception, and Attention

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Attachment and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

Filters