Question 1

The fusing of gametes of the Plasmodium parasite is completed in the human host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Identify all forms of Plasmodium which can be isolated from mosquitoes: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Merozoite 
B) Gametocyte 
C) Sporozoite 
D) Ookinete 
E) Oocyst 
A) Merozoite 
B) Gametocyte 
C) Sporozoite 
D) Ookinete 
E) Oocyst

Question 3

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the causative agent of what disease?

Accepted Answer

A) malaria 
B) African sleeping sickness 
C) yellow fever 
D) diarrheal disease 
E) dengue fever 
A) malaria 
B) African sleeping sickness 
C) yellow fever 
D) diarrheal disease 
E) dengue fever

Question 4

The most recent hope that amphibian extinctions may be slowed comes from the discovery of: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) 
B) dendrobatidis colonization of frogs which appear healthy 
B) Bacteria such as J.lividum which produce potent antifungal factors 
C) 
B) dendrobatidis colonization of frogs as long ago as the 1930s 
D) Ways to drastically and rapidly reduce climate change 
E) New antifungal drugs to treat affected amphidians 
A) 
B) dendrobatidis colonization of frogs which appear healthy 
B) Bacteria such as J.lividum which produce potent antifungal factors 
C) 
B) dendrobatidis colonization of frogs as long ago as the 1930s 
D) Ways to drastically and rapidly reduce climate change 
E) New antifungal drugs to treat affected amphidians

Question 5

Which of these may result in Candida albicans causing disease in immunocompetent people?

Accepted Answer

A) A change in the microflora because of antibiotic therapy. 
B) A change in the antigenicity of the fungus. 
C) The production of a potent exotoxin by the fungus. 
D) Consumption of contaminated water containing the fungus. 
E) Sexual transmission of the fungus. 
A) A change in the microflora because of antibiotic therapy. 
B) A change in the antigenicity of the fungus. 
C) The production of a potent exotoxin by the fungus. 
D) Consumption of contaminated water containing the fungus. 
E) Sexual transmission of the fungus.

Question 6

The life cycle form of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum that is transferred from the mosquito to a human is called a(n)_____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The life cycle form of the malaria...

Question 7

The parasite contributing most significantly to amphibian disease throughout the world is:

Accepted Answer

A) 
D) falleni 
B) 
D) recens 
C) H)aoronymphium 
D) 
B) dendrobatidis 
E) X)laevis 
A) 
D) falleni 
B) 
D) recens 
C) H)aoronymphium 
D) 
B) dendrobatidis 
E) X)laevis

Question 8

The form of the Plasmodium parasite that infects the red blood cells is called a merozoite.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

HC toxin's mechanism of action appears to be:

Accepted Answer

A) To facilitate pyrimidine nucleoside precursor uptake 
B) To facilitate purine nucleoside precursor uptake 
C) To add acetyl groups to histone proteins 
D) To inhibit the action of RNA polymerase II 
E) To remove acetyl groups present on histone proteins 
A) To facilitate pyrimidine nucleoside precursor uptake 
B) To facilitate purine nucleoside precursor uptake 
C) To add acetyl groups to histone proteins 
D) To inhibit the action of RNA polymerase II 
E) To remove acetyl groups present on histone proteins

Question 10

What is Ascaris lumbricoides,a helminth that causes ascariasis,commonly called?

Accepted Answer

A) hookworm 
B) roundworm 
C) tapeworm 
D) pinworm 
E) whipworm 
A) hookworm 
B) roundworm 
C) tapeworm 
D) pinworm 
E) whipworm

Question 11

50% inhibition of RNA pol II occurs in humans exposed to 10-25 ng/ml of α-amanitin but it takes only 7 ng/ml of α-amanitin to achieve the same result in nematodes.Can you suggest a possible explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

A) Worms are more closely related to the fungus that humans are 
B) Humans are more closely related to the fungus that worms are 
C) Fungal hyphae and nematodes may naturally compete for soil nutrients 
D) Humans have evolved resistance to the toxin 
E) Worms have evolved resistance to the toxin 
A) Worms are more closely related to the fungus that humans are 
B) Humans are more closely related to the fungus that worms are 
C) Fungal hyphae and nematodes may naturally compete for soil nutrients 
D) Humans have evolved resistance to the toxin 
E) Worms have evolved resistance to the toxin

Question 12

The fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis causes disease in wheat.Only strains of P.tritici-repentis that contain the ToxA gene are able to cause disease;other strains are avirulent.The appearance of the toxin gene is recent;how does research indicate this gene was acquired?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the result of mutation in a pigment gene in the fungus. 
B) It is the result of a mutation that up-regulated the expression of the previously non-expressed gene. 
C) It was transferred from a pathogenic bacterium to P.tritici-repentis. 
D) It was transferred from another pathogenic fungus to P.tritici-repentis. 
E) It was acquired through the rearrangement of two other genes in P.tritici-repentis. 
A) It is the result of mutation in a pigment gene in the fungus. 
B) It is the result of a mutation that up-regulated the expression of the previously non-expressed gene. 
C) It was transferred from a pathogenic bacterium to P.tritici-repentis. 
D) It was transferred from another pathogenic fungus to P.tritici-repentis. 
E) It was acquired through the rearrangement of two other genes in P.tritici-repentis.

Question 13

α-amanitin has influenced fruit fly evolution because it has contributed to the development of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) increased competition for fungal food 
B) lowered numbers of parasites infecting the flies 
C) immunity to the toxin in organisms that feed on fruit flies 
D) lower populations of fruit flies 
E) increased mutations in fruit fly genomes 
A) increased competition for fungal food 
B) lowered numbers of parasites infecting the flies 
C) immunity to the toxin in organisms that feed on fruit flies 
D) lower populations of fruit flies 
E) increased mutations in fruit fly genomes

Question 14

Which of these worms causes the mildest syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Hookworms 
B) Roundworms 
C) Whipworms 
D) Pinworms 
E) Schistosomes 
A) Hookworms 
B) Roundworms 
C) Whipworms 
D) Pinworms 
E) Schistosomes

Question 15

Most of the clinical symptoms observed in an individual with malaria result from this activity.

Accepted Answer

A) Sporozoite infection of the liver. 
B) Sporozoite infection of muscle. 
C) Lysis of red blood cells by merozoites. 
D) Lysis of red blood cells by sporozoites. 
E) Parasite infection of the brain cells. 
A) Sporozoite infection of the liver. 
B) Sporozoite infection of muscle. 
C) Lysis of red blood cells by merozoites. 
D) Lysis of red blood cells by sporozoites. 
E) Parasite infection of the brain cells.

Question 16

Which of these may contribute to Toxoplasma gondii causing severe disease in individuals? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) A change in the microflora because of antibiotic therapy. 
B) Immunosuppression nattural to pregnancy 
C) Altered immune status due to administration of immunosuppressive drugs 
D) Consumption of contaminated water containing the fungus. 
E) Altered immune status of the individual due to HIV 
A) A change in the microflora because of antibiotic therapy. 
B) Immunosuppression nattural to pregnancy 
C) Altered immune status due to administration of immunosuppressive drugs 
D) Consumption of contaminated water containing the fungus. 
E) Altered immune status of the individual due to HIV

Question 17

Identify all forms of Plasmodium which can be isolated from humans: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Merozoite 
B) Gametocyte 
C) Sporozoite 
D) Ookinete 
E) Oocyst 
A) Merozoite 
B) Gametocyte 
C) Sporozoite 
D) Ookinete 
E) Oocyst

Question 18

Some eukaryal pathogens have influenced the evolution of their human host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The malarial parasite obtains nutrients by digesting ___________ from host red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The malarial parasite obtains nutrients by digesting...

Question 20

Select the correct statement:

Accepted Answer

A) Parasitophorous vacuoles are found within cytostomes 
B) Cytostomes are found within Parasitophorous vacuoles 
C) PCR is routinely used to diagnose malaria 
D) Microscopic Plasmodium species identification does not require specially trained individuals 
E) All are correct statements 
A) Parasitophorous vacuoles are found within cytostomes 
B) Cytostomes are found within Parasitophorous vacuoles 
C) PCR is routinely used to diagnose malaria 
D) Microscopic Plasmodium species identification does not require specially trained individuals 
E) All are correct statements

Exam 23: Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

The fusing of gametes of the Plasmodium parasite is completed in the human host.

Identify all forms of Plasmodium which can be isolated from mosquitoes: (Select all that apply)

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the causative agent of what disease?

The most recent hope that amphibian extinctions may be slowed comes from the discovery of: (Select all that apply)

Which of these may result in Candida albicans causing disease in immunocompetent people?

The life cycle form of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum that is transferred from the mosquito to a human is called a(n)_____________________.

The parasite contributing most significantly to amphibian disease throughout the world is:

The form of the Plasmodium parasite that infects the red blood cells is called a merozoite.

HC toxin's mechanism of action appears to be:

What is Ascaris lumbricoides,a helminth that causes ascariasis,commonly called?

50% inhibition of RNA pol II occurs in humans exposed to 10-25 ng/ml of α-amanitin but it takes only 7 ng/ml of α-amanitin to achieve the same result in nematodes.Can you suggest a possible explanation for this observation?

The fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis causes disease in wheat.Only strains of P.tritici-repentis that contain the ToxA gene are able to cause disease;other strains are avirulent.The appearance of the toxin gene is recent;how does research indicate this gene was acquired?

α-amanitin has influenced fruit fly evolution because it has contributed to the development of ______________.

Which of these worms causes the mildest syndrome?

Most of the clinical symptoms observed in an individual with malaria result from this activity.

Which of these may contribute to Toxoplasma gondii causing severe disease in individuals? (Select all that apply)

Identify all forms of Plasmodium which can be isolated from humans: (Select all that apply)

Some eukaryal pathogens have influenced the evolution of their human host.

The malarial parasite obtains nutrients by digesting ___________ from host red blood cells.

Select the correct statement:

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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