Question 1

CD4-positive helper T-cells function by:

Accepted Answer

A) direct cytotoxic action 
B) facilitating all immune system activity 
C) production of immunoglobulins 
D) inactivating allergens 
A) direct cytotoxic action 
B) facilitating all immune system activity 
C) production of immunoglobulins 
D) inactivating allergens B

Question 2

Which type of immunity is provided by a vaccination?

Accepted Answer

A) active natural 
B) active artificial 
C) passive natural 
D) passive artificial 
A) active natural 
B) active artificial 
C) passive natural 
D) passive artificial B

Question 3

HIV infection impairs:

Accepted Answer

A) humoral immunity 
B) cell-mediated immunity 
C) both humoral and cell-mediated immunity 
D) neither type of immunity 
A) humoral immunity 
B) cell-mediated immunity 
C) both humoral and cell-mediated immunity 
D) neither type of immunity C

Question 4

Which cells are required to process and present antigens from foreign material as the initial step in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) T-helper cells 
B) macrophages 
C) eosinophils 
D) monocytes 
A) T-helper cells 
B) macrophages 
C) eosinophils 
D) monocytes

Question 5

Which statement is TRUE regarding infants born to HIV infected mothers?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants usually test negative for HIV after birth. 
B) There is little risk of infected mothers passing the virus to their infants during delivery. 
C) Breast milk does not contain HIV or antibodies. 
D) Infants test positive for HIV due to presence of maternal antibodies. 
A) Infants usually test negative for HIV after birth. 
B) There is little risk of infected mothers passing the virus to their infants during delivery. 
C) Breast milk does not contain HIV or antibodies. 
D) Infants test positive for HIV due to presence of maternal antibodies.

Question 6

Host-versus-graft disease refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) hyperacute rejection of tissue 
B) T-cells in grafted tissue attacking host cells 
C) infection resulting from immunosuppression therapy 
D) transplant rejection by the recipient's immune system 
A) hyperacute rejection of tissue 
B) T-cells in grafted tissue attacking host cells 
C) infection resulting from immunosuppression therapy 
D) transplant rejection by the recipient's immune system

Question 7

An autoimmune disease is:

Accepted Answer

A) excessive formation of antibodies following exposure to foreign material 
B) an extreme response to normally harmless material in the environment 
C) an abnormal response to ingested food and drugs 
D) failure of the immune system to distinguish self from nonself 
A) excessive formation of antibodies following exposure to foreign material 
B) an extreme response to normally harmless material in the environment 
C) an abnormal response to ingested food and drugs 
D) failure of the immune system to distinguish self from nonself

Question 8

Systemic lupus erythematosus is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) a chronic allergic condition 
B) development of an immune-deficient state 
C) a deficiency of T-lymphocytes 
D) immune complex deposits of antinuclear antibodies 
A) a chronic allergic condition 
B) development of an immune-deficient state 
C) a deficiency of T-lymphocytes 
D) immune complex deposits of antinuclear antibodies

Question 9

When an allergen binds with IgE antibodies on mast cells,resulting in release of chemical mediators,this reaction is called:

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic hypersensitivity 
B) immune complex hypersensitivity 
C) type I hypersensitivity 
D) type IV hypersensitivity 
A) cytotoxic hypersensitivity 
B) immune complex hypersensitivity 
C) type I hypersensitivity 
D) type IV hypersensitivity

Question 10

Which of the following is an effect of cytokines? They:

Accepted Answer

A) activate and stimulate proliferation of B and T lymphocytes 
B) destroy antigens quickly 
C) increase the rate of mitosis in tumors 
D) cause immediate pain 
A) activate and stimulate proliferation of B and T lymphocytes 
B) destroy antigens quickly 
C) increase the rate of mitosis in tumors 
D) cause immediate pain

Question 11

HIV is transmitted by:

Accepted Answer

A) kissing or coughing into another's face 
B) infected secretions on toilet seats 
C) any contaminated surface and skin 
D) blood,semen,and vaginal secretions from an infected person 
A) kissing or coughing into another's face 
B) infected secretions on toilet seats 
C) any contaminated surface and skin 
D) blood,semen,and vaginal secretions from an infected person

Question 12

A diagnosis of HIV positive means that:

Accepted Answer

A) the number of T-lymphocytes in the circulating blood is decreased 
B) significant opportunistic infection is present in the body 
C) the individual has AIDS 
D) the virus and its antibodies are in the blood 
A) the number of T-lymphocytes in the circulating blood is decreased 
B) significant opportunistic infection is present in the body 
C) the individual has AIDS 
D) the virus and its antibodies are in the blood

Question 13

Which of the following are the target cells for HIV?

Accepted Answer

A) helper T-lymphocytes (CD4 lymphocytes) 
B) B-lymphocytes 
C) natural killer cells 
D) macrophages 
A) helper T-lymphocytes (CD4 lymphocytes) 
B) B-lymphocytes 
C) natural killer cells 
D) macrophages

Question 14

Serious infections frequently occurring in patients with AIDS include:
1)tuberculosis
2)Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
3)influenza
4)tetanus

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2 
B) 1,4 
C) 2,3 
D) 3,4 
A) 1,2 
B) 1,4 
C) 2,3 
D) 3,4

Question 15

Why is anaphylaxis considered a critical situation?

Accepted Answer

A) The heart rate is irregular. 
B) Carbon dioxide levels in the body are greatly increased. 
C) Bronchoconstriction and systemic vasodilation develop rapidly. 
D) Manifestations are not obvious in the initial stages. 
A) The heart rate is irregular. 
B) Carbon dioxide levels in the body are greatly increased. 
C) Bronchoconstriction and systemic vasodilation develop rapidly. 
D) Manifestations are not obvious in the initial stages.

Question 16

Which statement applies to contact dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs when IgE antibodies on the skin react with the causative substance. 
B) It may result from ingested foods. 
C) Urticaria (hives)gradually spread over the body. 
D) A type IV reaction occurs in specific areas. 
A) It occurs when IgE antibodies on the skin react with the causative substance. 
B) It may result from ingested foods. 
C) Urticaria (hives)gradually spread over the body. 
D) A type IV reaction occurs in specific areas.

Question 17

In cases of HIV infection,the "window period" refers to the time between:

Accepted Answer

A) entry of the virus into the blood and the initial manifestations 
B) entry of the virus into the body and the appearance of antibodies in the blood 
C) entry of the virus into the body and a significant drop in CD4 T-helper lymphocyte count 
D) diagnosis of "HIV positive" and diagnosis of "AIDS" 
A) entry of the virus into the blood and the initial manifestations 
B) entry of the virus into the body and the appearance of antibodies in the blood 
C) entry of the virus into the body and a significant drop in CD4 T-helper lymphocyte count 
D) diagnosis of "HIV positive" and diagnosis of "AIDS"

Question 18

A patient experienced an episode of influenza 6 months ago.A recent exposure to a mutated form of the same virus would result in:

Accepted Answer

A) a primary immune response 
B) a secondary immune response 
C) passive natural immunity to the virus 
D) avoidance of any flu infection 
A) a primary immune response 
B) a secondary immune response 
C) passive natural immunity to the virus 
D) avoidance of any flu infection

Question 19

Incompatible blood transfusions result in:

Accepted Answer

A) hemolysis of erythrocytes 
B) a type I immune response 
C) deposits in multiple organs 
D) immune deficiency 
A) hemolysis of erythrocytes 
B) a type I immune response 
C) deposits in multiple organs 
D) immune deficiency

Question 20

Which of the following characteristics apply to the agent HIV?
1)It contains 2 strands of DNA.
2)It tends to mutate frequently to form new strains.
3)The incubation period is extremely short.
4)It is inactivated by heat and many disinfectants.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2 
B) 1,3 
C) 2,4 
D) 3,4 
A) 1,2 
B) 1,3 
C) 2,4 
D) 3,4

Exam 3: Immunity and Abnormal Responses

CD4-positive helper T-cells function by:

Which type of immunity is provided by a vaccination?

HIV infection impairs:

Which cells are required to process and present antigens from foreign material as the initial step in the immune response?

Which statement is TRUE regarding infants born to HIV infected mothers?

Host-versus-graft disease refers to:

An autoimmune disease is:

Systemic lupus erythematosus is caused by:

When an allergen binds with IgE antibodies on mast cells,resulting in release of chemical mediators,this reaction is called:

Which of the following is an effect of cytokines? They:

HIV is transmitted by:

A diagnosis of HIV positive means that:

Which of the following are the target cells for HIV?

Serious infections frequently occurring in patients with AIDS include: 1)tuberculosis 2)Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 3)influenza 4)tetanus

Why is anaphylaxis considered a critical situation?

Which statement applies to contact dermatitis?

In cases of HIV infection,the "window period" refers to the time between:

A patient experienced an episode of influenza 6 months ago.A recent exposure to a mutated form of the same virus would result in:

Incompatible blood transfusions result in:

Which of the following characteristics apply to the agent HIV? 1)It contains 2 strands of DNA. 2)It tends to mutate frequently to form new strains. 3)The incubation period is extremely short. 4)It is inactivated by heat and many disinfectants.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Neoplasms

Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Endocrine Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

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