Question 1

Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics?

Accepted Answer

A) necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs 
B) lack of glucose to the cells in the feet and legs 
C) severe dehydration in the tissues 
D) elevated blood glucose increasing blood viscosity 
A) necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs 
B) lack of glucose to the cells in the feet and legs 
C) severe dehydration in the tissues 
D) elevated blood glucose increasing blood viscosity A

Question 2

All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) digestive system 
C) exercising skeletal muscle 
D) brain 
A) liver 
B) digestive system 
C) exercising skeletal muscle 
D) brain A

Question 3

Which of the following applies to acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs in infants and children. 
B) It causes excessive longitudinal bone growth. 
C) It results from excessive secretion of GH. 
D) It does not change soft tissue growth. 
A) It occurs in infants and children. 
B) It causes excessive longitudinal bone growth. 
C) It results from excessive secretion of GH. 
D) It does not change soft tissue growth. C

Question 4

Which of the following results from a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

A) inappropriate ADH syndrome 
B) gigantism 
C) diabetes insipidus 
D) myxedema 
A) inappropriate ADH syndrome 
B) gigantism 
C) diabetes insipidus 
D) myxedema

Question 5

Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the:

Accepted Answer

A) Great Lakes or mountainous regions 
B) southwest USA 
C) temperate regions 
D) areas bordering the oceans 
A) Great Lakes or mountainous regions 
B) southwest USA 
C) temperate regions 
D) areas bordering the oceans

Question 6

Which diagnostic test is useful in determining if a pituitary dysfunction is causing a thyroid disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine 
B) serum TSH levels 
C) uptake of radioactive iodine (T3 uptake test) 
D) presence of antibodies to T3 and T4 
A) serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine 
B) serum TSH levels 
C) uptake of radioactive iodine (T3 uptake test) 
D) presence of antibodies to T3 and T4

Question 7

Complications of diabetes mellitus include:

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral neuropathy 
B) frequent infections 
C) cataracts 
D) a,c 
E) a,b,c 
A) peripheral neuropathy 
B) frequent infections 
C) cataracts 
D) a,c 
E) a,b,c

Question 8

Which of the following may cause hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) hypoparathyroidism 
B) hypoglycemia 
C) pheochromocytoma 
D) Addison's disease 
A) hypoparathyroidism 
B) hypoglycemia 
C) pheochromocytoma 
D) Addison's disease

Question 9

Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics?

Accepted Answer

A) Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate. 
B) Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine. 
C) The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit. 
D) Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption. 
A) Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate. 
B) Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine. 
C) The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit. 
D) Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption.

Question 10

Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) increased glucocorticoids 
B) decreased glucocorticoids 
C) deficit of ADH 
D) deficit of T3 and T4 
A) increased glucocorticoids 
B) decreased glucocorticoids 
C) deficit of ADH 
D) deficit of T3 and T4

Question 11

What is caused by hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism?
1)skeletal muscle twitching or spasm
2)weak cardiac contraction
3)increased secretion of PTH
4)decreased serum phosphate level

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2 
B) 1,3 
C) 2,3 
D) 3,4 
A) 1,2 
B) 1,3 
C) 2,3 
D) 3,4

Question 12

Which of the following is an effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased secretion from the adrenal cortex gland 
B) an increased inflammatory response to irritants 
C) hypotension and poor circulation 
D) increased number of hypersensitivity reactions 
A) decreased secretion from the adrenal cortex gland 
B) an increased inflammatory response to irritants 
C) hypotension and poor circulation 
D) increased number of hypersensitivity reactions

Question 13

Which of the following applies to diabetic macro-angiography?
1)It affects the small arteries and arterioles.
2)It is related to elevated serum lipids.
3)It leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease.
4)It frequently causes damage to the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,3 
B) 1,4 
C) 2,3 
D) 2,4 
A) 1,3 
B) 1,4 
C) 2,3 
D) 2,4

Question 14

What is caused by hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A) hypocalcemia 
B) tetany 
C) bone demineralization 
D) deficit of vitamin D 
A) hypocalcemia 
B) tetany 
C) bone demineralization 
D) deficit of vitamin D

Question 15

Which of the following are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis in an unconscious person?

Accepted Answer

A) pale moist skin 
B) thirst and poor skin turgor 
C) deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor 
D) tremors and strong rapid pulse 
A) pale moist skin 
B) thirst and poor skin turgor 
C) deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor 
D) tremors and strong rapid pulse

Question 16

Why does diabetes insipidus cause polyuria?

Accepted Answer

A) There is increased osmotic pressure of the filtrate. 
B) Damaged tubules cannot reabsorb sufficient fluid. 
C) Excessive ADH secretion is present. 
D) There is a deficit of ADH. 
E) Excessive aldosterone is secreted. 
A) There is increased osmotic pressure of the filtrate. 
B) Damaged tubules cannot reabsorb sufficient fluid. 
C) Excessive ADH secretion is present. 
D) There is a deficit of ADH. 
E) Excessive aldosterone is secreted.

Question 17

Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

Accepted Answer

A) Kussmaul's respirations 
B) polydipsia 
C) ketonuria 
D) seizures 
A) Kussmaul's respirations 
B) polydipsia 
C) ketonuria 
D) seizures

Question 18

Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic?

Accepted Answer

A) deep,rapid respirations 
B) flushed dry skin and mucosa 
C) thirst and oliguria 
D) staggering gait,disorientation,and confusion 
A) deep,rapid respirations 
B) flushed dry skin and mucosa 
C) thirst and oliguria 
D) staggering gait,disorientation,and confusion

Question 19

Which of the following applies to oxytocin?
1)It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery.
2)It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation.
3)It stimulates mammary gland production of milk.
4)It is released from the adenohypophysis.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2 
B) 1,4 
C) 1,3,4 
D) 1,2,3,4 
A) 1,2 
B) 1,4 
C) 1,3,4 
D) 1,2,3,4

Question 20

Why does polyuria develop with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A) increased thirst 
B) ketoacidosis 
C) glucosuria develops 
D) diabetic nephropathy 
A) increased thirst 
B) ketoacidosis 
C) glucosuria develops 
D) diabetic nephropathy

Exam 25: Endocrine Disorders

Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics?

All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

Which of the following applies to acromegaly?

Which of the following results from a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the:

Which diagnostic test is useful in determining if a pituitary dysfunction is causing a thyroid disorder?

Complications of diabetes mellitus include:

Which of the following may cause hypertension?

Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics?

Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes Addison's disease?

What is caused by hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism? 1)skeletal muscle twitching or spasm 2)weak cardiac contraction 3)increased secretion of PTH 4)decreased serum phosphate level

Which of the following is an effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

Which of the following applies to diabetic macro-angiography? 1)It affects the small arteries and arterioles. 2)It is related to elevated serum lipids. 3)It leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. 4)It frequently causes damage to the kidneys.

What is caused by hyperparathyroidism?

Which of the following are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis in an unconscious person?

Why does diabetes insipidus cause polyuria?

Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic?

Which of the following applies to oxytocin? 1)It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery. 2)It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation. 3)It stimulates mammary gland production of milk. 4)It is released from the adenohypophysis.

Why does polyuria develop with diabetes mellitus?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Infection

Neoplasms

Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

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