Question 1

When are hybrid zones expected to disappear and complete the speciation process?

Accepted Answer

A) When hybrids are at a selective disadvantage 
B) When hybrids have a selective advantage and will replace parents 
C) When hybrids are found in ring species 
D) When hybrids mate assortatively 
A) When hybrids are at a selective disadvantage 
B) When hybrids have a selective advantage and will replace parents 
C) When hybrids are found in ring species 
D) When hybrids mate assortatively A

Question 2

The phylogeny illustrated in the figure below shows the relationships among 53 modern humans based on mitochondrial DNA.How does this phylogeny support the out-of-Africa hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

In the out-of-Africa hypothesis,humans spread from Africa to the rest of the world.This phylogeny shows that variation in mitochondrial DNA among non-African populations is a subset of the variation that exists in Africa.Thus,worldwide populations likely originated from African populations.

Question 3

How might secondary contact result in a cline?

Accepted Answer

A) Reproductive character displacement completes the speciation process. 
B) Hybrid matings may have low fitness. 
C) Reproductive isolation is partially complete and a spatial gradient of hybrids forms. 
D) Reproductive isolation is incomplete and the two populations form a single species without spatial variation. 
A) Reproductive character displacement completes the speciation process. 
B) Hybrid matings may have low fitness. 
C) Reproductive isolation is partially complete and a spatial gradient of hybrids forms. 
D) Reproductive isolation is incomplete and the two populations form a single species without spatial variation. C

Question 4

A cline is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) temporal gradient in the frequency of genotypes and phenotypes. 
B) spatial gradient in the frequency of genotypes and phenotypes. 
C) area of resource competition. 
D) area of assortative mating. 
A) temporal gradient in the frequency of genotypes and phenotypes. 
B) spatial gradient in the frequency of genotypes and phenotypes. 
C) area of resource competition. 
D) area of assortative mating.

Question 5

The figure above shows the penis length of two species of snails found in different populations in Japan.The pattern of variation in this trait illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive character displacement. 
B) a hybrid zone. 
C) allopatric speciation. 
D) sympatric speciation. 
A) reproductive character displacement. 
B) a hybrid zone. 
C) allopatric speciation. 
D) sympatric speciation.

Question 6

Host specificity of Rhagoletis pomonella reduces gene flow between the apple and hawthorn races by 4% to 6% in each generation.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric speciation. 
B) assortative mating. 
C) secondary contact. 
D) resource competition. 
A) allopatric speciation. 
B) assortative mating. 
C) secondary contact. 
D) resource competition.

Question 7

In the figure above,each white,horizontal box represents a separate species.Based on this figure,

Accepted Answer

A) the multiregional hypothesis is supported. 
B) the out-of-Africa hypothesis is supported. 
C) many hominin species coexisted for most of the evolutionary history of humans. 
D) there has been only a single hominin species for most of the evolutionary history of humans. 
A) the multiregional hypothesis is supported. 
B) the out-of-Africa hypothesis is supported. 
C) many hominin species coexisted for most of the evolutionary history of humans. 
D) there has been only a single hominin species for most of the evolutionary history of humans.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about changes in ploidy is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It often reduces reproductive isolation. 
B) It can result in instantaneous speciation. 
C) It causes coiling in snails. 
D) It is less common in plants than animals. 
A) It often reduces reproductive isolation. 
B) It can result in instantaneous speciation. 
C) It causes coiling in snails. 
D) It is less common in plants than animals.

Question 9

In which model of allopatric speciation is genetic drift a larger factor,and why?

Accepted Answer

Under the dumbbell model,one population

Question 10

What are the distinguishing features of the hominin lineage?

Accepted Answer

A) Bipedalism and dentition 
B) Big brains and dentition 
C) Bipedalism and big brains 
D) Big brains only 
A) Bipedalism and dentition 
B) Big brains and dentition 
C) Bipedalism and big brains 
D) Big brains only

Question 11

In the past,many hominins coexisted,such as Paranthropus robustus and Paranthropus boisei.Imagine that these species were not prezygotically isolated and occasionally formed hybrids.Why might sterility or inviability of hybrids be limited to one sex? In which sex would this occur,and what pattern does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Haldane's rule predicts that if one sex,

Question 12

Allopatric speciation requires

Accepted Answer

A) complete geographic isolation. 
B) overlapping distributions. 
C) abutting distributions. 
D) differences in phenology. 
A) complete geographic isolation. 
B) overlapping distributions. 
C) abutting distributions. 
D) differences in phenology.

Question 13

Hybrids with chromosomal inversions often have

Accepted Answer

A) a doubling of chromosomes. 
B) superior environmental performance across a cline. 
C) dysfunctional gametes. 
D) speciated. 
A) a doubling of chromosomes. 
B) superior environmental performance across a cline. 
C) dysfunctional gametes. 
D) speciated.

Question 14

Negative epistasis is

Accepted Answer

A) only present in the homogametic sex. 
B) a mechanism that explains the Dobzhansky-Muller model of reproductive isolation. 
C) responsible for chromosomal rearrangements. 
D) responsible for changes in ploidy. 
A) only present in the homogametic sex. 
B) a mechanism that explains the Dobzhansky-Muller model of reproductive isolation. 
C) responsible for chromosomal rearrangements. 
D) responsible for changes in ploidy.

Question 15

Drosophila biologists often delimit species boundaries by crossing individuals from different populations.Implicit in this method is the

Accepted Answer

A) evolutionary species concept. 
B) phylogenetic species concept. 
C) phenetic species concept. 
D) biological species concept. 
A) evolutionary species concept. 
B) phylogenetic species concept. 
C) phenetic species concept. 
D) biological species concept.

Question 16

Based on the figure below,is the common-language practice of referring to Chimpanzees as monkeys accurate? Are monkeys a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzees do not fall within

Question 17

The figure below shows the geological history of North and South America and the closing of the Isthmus of Panama.If a single species was distributed throughout the region indicated by the arrow in the left-most panel,and today is found as two separate species,one in the Atlantic Ocean and one in the Pacific,is this allopatric speciation likely to be an example of the dumbbell model or the peripheral isolate model? Why?

Accepted Answer

This speciation is likely an example of

Question 18

Which of the following statements describes a problem with applying the phenetic species concept?

Accepted Answer

A) One must construct a phylogenetic tree. 
B) Character weighting is ambiguous. 
C) Gene flow must be measured. 
D) The concept only works with sexual species. 
A) One must construct a phylogenetic tree. 
B) Character weighting is ambiguous. 
C) Gene flow must be measured. 
D) The concept only works with sexual species.

Question 19

If each number represents a population,the figure above illustrates an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a peripherally isolated species. 
B) reproductive isolation. 
C) a hybrid zone. 
D) a ring species. 
A) a peripherally isolated species. 
B) reproductive isolation. 
C) a hybrid zone. 
D) a ring species.

Question 20

A small population of a species invades an island where the species is not found.The population subsequently diverges from the ancestral population and becomes a new species.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) the dumbbell model of allopatric speciation. 
B) the peripheral isolate mode of allopatric speciation. 
C) sympatric speciation. 
D) parapatric speciation. 
A) the dumbbell model of allopatric speciation. 
B) the peripheral isolate mode of allopatric speciation. 
C) sympatric speciation. 
D) parapatric speciation.

When are hybrid zones expected to disappear and complete the speciation process?

The phylogeny illustrated in the figure below shows the relationships among 53 modern humans based on mitochondrial DNA.How does this phylogeny support the out-of-Africa hypothesis?

How might secondary contact result in a cline?

A cline is a(n)

The figure above shows the penis length of two species of snails found in different populations in Japan.The pattern of variation in this trait illustrates

Host specificity of Rhagoletis pomonella reduces gene flow between the apple and hawthorn races by 4% to 6% in each generation.This is an example of

In the figure above,each white,horizontal box represents a separate species.Based on this figure,

Which of the following statements about changes in ploidy is true?

In which model of allopatric speciation is genetic drift a larger factor,and why?

What are the distinguishing features of the hominin lineage?

Allopatric speciation requires

Hybrids with chromosomal inversions often have

Negative epistasis is

Drosophila biologists often delimit species boundaries by crossing individuals from different populations.Implicit in this method is the

Based on the figure below,is the common-language practice of referring to Chimpanzees as monkeys accurate? Are monkeys a monophyletic group?

Which of the following statements describes a problem with applying the phenetic species concept?

If each number represents a population,the figure above illustrates an example of

A small population of a species invades an island where the species is not found.The population subsequently diverges from the ancestral population and becomes a new species.This is an example of

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters

Exam 14: Species and Speciation

When are hybrid zones expected to disappear and complete the speciation process?

The phylogeny illustrated in the figure below shows the relationships among 53 modern humans based on mitochondrial DNA.How does this phylogeny support the out-of-Africa hypothesis?

How might secondary contact result in a cline?

A cline is a(n)

The figure above shows the penis length of two species of snails found in different populations in Japan.The pattern of variation in this trait illustrates

Host specificity of Rhagoletis pomonella reduces gene flow between the apple and hawthorn races by 4% to 6% in each generation.This is an example of

In the figure above,each white,horizontal box represents a separate species.Based on this figure,

Which of the following statements about changes in ploidy is true?

In which model of allopatric speciation is genetic drift a larger factor,and why?

What are the distinguishing features of the hominin lineage?

Allopatric speciation requires

Hybrids with chromosomal inversions often have

Negative epistasis is

Drosophila biologists often delimit species boundaries by crossing individuals from different populations.Implicit in this method is the

Based on the figure below,is the common-language practice of referring to Chimpanzees as monkeys accurate? Are monkeys a monophyletic group?

Which of the following statements describes a problem with applying the phenetic species concept?

If each number represents a population,the figure above illustrates an example of

A small population of a species invades an island where the species is not found.The population subsequently diverges from the ancestral population and becomes a new species.This is an example of

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters