Chat with AIExam 4: Phylogeny and Evolutionary History
Analogous traits are found in two or more species because
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VerifiedA
Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true?
Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true? (36) VerifiedD
Give an example of two groups of organisms that share one or more similarities due to shared ancestry,and contrast this with an example of two groups of organisms that share one or more similarities because natural selection independently fashioned similar traits.Explain the shared ancestry and the selective processes that resulted in the similarities in each example.Be sure to use the scientific term for each set of similarities.Try to use examples other than those presented in your text.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotAn example of two groups of organisms that share similarities due to shared ancestry is the similarities between humans and chimpanzees. Both humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor, and as a result, they have many similarities in their genetic makeup, skeletal structure, and behavior. This shared ancestry has resulted in similarities such as the presence of opposable thumbs, similar facial expressions, and the ability to use tools.
On the other hand, an example of two groups of organisms that share similarities due to natural selection independently fashioning similar traits is the similarities between the Tasmanian wolf (Thylacinus cynocephalus) and the gray wolf (Canis lupus). Despite being from different continents and having different evolutionary histories, both the Tasmanian wolf and the gray wolf have evolved similar physical characteristics, such as a wolf-like body shape and carnivorous teeth, due to their similar ecological roles as top predators in their respective environments.
In the case of shared ancestry, the similarities between humans and chimpanzees are the result of common descent and the inheritance of traits from a shared ancestor. This is known as homology, where traits are similar due to shared ancestry.
In contrast, the similarities between the Tasmanian wolf and the gray wolf are the result of convergent evolution, where natural selection independently favors similar traits in different lineages due to similar environmental pressures. This is known as analogy, where traits are similar due to similar selective pressures rather than shared ancestry.
Consider a set of populations in which,over evolutionary time,the coat color of one or more populations of organisms changes from light to dark.Using this example of light and dark coat coloration,describe what might occur to produce each of the following evolutionary conditions:
A.A derived trait
B.A synapomorphy
C.A homoplasy
D.A symplesiomorphy
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Considering the figure above,could you come up with an alternative hypothesis to the one proposed by Fry and his colleagues? Why or why not? If so,what would your alternative hypothesis be?
Considering the figure above,could you come up with an alternative hypothesis to the one proposed by Fry and his colleagues? Why or why not? If so,what would your alternative hypothesis be?A trait that is similar in one or more species even though it was not present in their common ancestor is called a
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Considering the figure above,what are the sister taxa,outgroups,and polytomies in each of the trees?
Considering the figure above,what are the sister taxa,outgroups,and polytomies in each of the trees?
Based on the figure above,the two roots (labeled)represent which of the following?
1)Ancestral populations
2)A common ancestor of birds and crocodilians
3)A common ancestor to all tetrapods
4)The ancestral lineage from which all other lineages on the tree are derived
Based on the figure above,the two roots (labeled)represent which of the following?
1)Ancestral populations
2)A common ancestor of birds and crocodilians
3)A common ancestor to all tetrapods
4)The ancestral lineage from which all other lineages on the tree are derived (48) Give an example of two groups of closely related organisms that have developed divergent traits because natural selection has worked differently on them,and then contrast this with an example of two groups of organisms that share one or more similar traits from being exposed to similar selective conditions.Explain the selective processes that worked on the groups of organisms in both examples,and be sure to use the scientific term for each set of conditions.Try to use examples other than those presented in your text.
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Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true?
Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true? (36) 
Based on the phylogenetic tree above,which of the following two groups are most closely related?
Based on the phylogenetic tree above,which of the following two groups are most closely related? (33) Assume you are an evolutionary biologist who is using coat coloration in several closely related species to reconstruct their evolutionary history.If you find that the coat color trait is symplesiomorphic,what can you do to resolve the species' evolutionary relationships?
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Examine the phylogenetic tree of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the figure above and give a possible explanation for the appearance of a split branch that has tips in both the Philippines and the rim of the Indian Ocean.
Examine the phylogenetic tree of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the figure above and give a possible explanation for the appearance of a split branch that has tips in both the Philippines and the rim of the Indian Ocean.Which of the following statements about pedigrees and phylogenies is true?
(33) By placing a given trait on a phylogenetic tree that we have already constructed using other data,we can
(34) Linnaean taxonomy and the resulting system of scientific nomenclature (naming system)
(36) Which of the following terms is used for a situation in which the derived trait has arisen recently and appears in only one of the two most related species or populations,while the two most distantly related groups share the same trait?
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