Question 1

Develop a short hypothetical explanation (one sentence)for the observed distribution of obligate asexual reproduction under the environmental unpredictability model.

Accepted Answer

The asexual species and genera occupy very stable and predictable habitats.

Question 2

The figure below illustrates the proportion of a particular asexual snail clone in a population and the degree to which it was infected with a particular parasite.Which prediction of the Red Queen hypothesis do these results appear to reflect?

Accepted Answer

A) A correlation between parasite load and sexual reproduction 
B) Oscillation in the relative frequency of asexual strains in the presence of parasites 
C) Emergent host defenses are synchronously tracked by parasite responses 
D) A general decline of asexual lineages in the presence of parasites 
A) A correlation between parasite load and sexual reproduction 
B) Oscillation in the relative frequency of asexual strains in the presence of parasites 
C) Emergent host defenses are synchronously tracked by parasite responses 
D) A general decline of asexual lineages in the presence of parasites B

Question 3

What are two examples of asexual-like reproduction in the genomes of obligate sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Y chromosomes,mitochondrial DNA

Question 4

Would there be any disadvantage of sex if sexual reproduction was isogamous?

Accepted Answer

A) No, females would not pay the twofold cost of sex. 
B) Yes, sex may break up coadapted gene complexes. 
C) No, females would still transmit the same proportion of their genes to the next generation. 
D) Yes, despite contributing the same proportion of offspring as asexual females, isogamous sexual females would only transmit half the proportion of their genes to the next generation. 
A) No, females would not pay the twofold cost of sex. 
B) Yes, sex may break up coadapted gene complexes. 
C) No, females would still transmit the same proportion of their genes to the next generation. 
D) Yes, despite contributing the same proportion of offspring as asexual females, isogamous sexual females would only transmit half the proportion of their genes to the next generation.

Question 5

What is the consequence of a deleterious mutation becoming fixed in a population?

Accepted Answer

A) Muller's ratchet will automatically move an additional turn. 
B) Recombination cannot remove the mutation. 
C) Mating between unrelated individuals can produce offspring that do not carry the mutation. 
D) Muller's ratchet may move an additional turn. 
E) B and D 
A) Muller's ratchet will automatically move an additional turn. 
B) Recombination cannot remove the mutation. 
C) Mating between unrelated individuals can produce offspring that do not carry the mutation. 
D) Muller's ratchet may move an additional turn. 
E) B and D

Question 6

What are coadapted gene complexes?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes that are located on the same chromosome 
B) Codominant alleles 
C) Favorable combinations of alleles at different loci 
D) Any epistatic interaction between different loci 
E) A and C 
A) Genes that are located on the same chromosome 
B) Codominant alleles 
C) Favorable combinations of alleles at different loci 
D) Any epistatic interaction between different loci 
E) A and C

Question 7

During bacterial conjugation,small circular chromosomes of DNA,called plasmids,are transferred from one bacterial cell to another.Why does this mechanism not fit the common definition of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A) No new offspring is produced. 
B) No new allelic combinations are formed. 
C) The cell receiving the plasmid does not contain genetic material from both parents. 
D) The plasmid can recombine with the recipient cell's chromosome. 
A) No new offspring is produced. 
B) No new allelic combinations are formed. 
C) The cell receiving the plasmid does not contain genetic material from both parents. 
D) The plasmid can recombine with the recipient cell's chromosome.

Question 8

You catalog all obligate asexual species within a family of insects and notice that asexual species are rare,and they are all members of genera that consist predominantly of sexual species.You conclude that the asexual species tend to be short lived.Why?

Accepted Answer

Short-lived taxa are

Question 9

Which of the following statements is an element of the DNA repair hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Double-stranded mutations can be repaired in haploid organisms. 
B) Homologous chromosomes serve equally well as templates for repair in both asexual and sexual organisms. 
C) Functional alleles on one chromosome can mask the deleterious allele on its homologue. 
D) A and B 
E) B and C 
A) Double-stranded mutations can be repaired in haploid organisms. 
B) Homologous chromosomes serve equally well as templates for repair in both asexual and sexual organisms. 
C) Functional alleles on one chromosome can mask the deleterious allele on its homologue. 
D) A and B 
E) B and C

Question 10

Counter the following argument: "Sexual reproduction is just an accident of evolution,once established it is irreversible.One does not need to postulate specific benefits to explain its maintenance."

Accepted Answer

There are recently evolved ase

Question 11

What are the two immediate benefits to sexual reproduction in unpredictable environments,according to Kondrashov?

Accepted Answer

Recombination may produce at l

Question 12

Some mammals have demonstrated preferential attraction to individuals that carry immune system alleles that are complementary to their own.Which hypothesis does this observation support?

Accepted Answer

A) The Red Queen hypothesis 
B) Muller's ratchet 
C) The Fisher-Muller hypothesis 
D) The Attribution Bias hypothesis 
A) The Red Queen hypothesis 
B) Muller's ratchet 
C) The Fisher-Muller hypothesis 
D) The Attribution Bias hypothesis

Question 13

According to the reasoning of Maynard Smith,the rate at which the proportion of asexual females increase declines as the overall proportion of asexual to sexual individuals rises because

Accepted Answer

A) as asexuals become more common, their proportional increase slows. 
B) the cost of sex per individual becomes smaller when sexuals become more rare in the population. 
C) under Maynard Smith's model, populations are finite. 
D) This scenario does not represent an accurate representation of real populations. 
A) as asexuals become more common, their proportional increase slows. 
B) the cost of sex per individual becomes smaller when sexuals become more rare in the population. 
C) under Maynard Smith's model, populations are finite. 
D) This scenario does not represent an accurate representation of real populations.

Question 14

Do each of the following forms of reproduction represent asexual or sexual reproduction?
A.Amphimixis
B.Automixis
C.Apomixis

Accepted Answer

A is sexua

Question 15

Why is the cost of sex sometimes referred to as the "cost of males"?

Accepted Answer

A) Males do not contribute genes to the next generation. 
B) Males do not produce new offspring. 
C) With finite resources, males take the place of offspring-producing females. 
D) Sperm cells do not contribute any substantial energy resources to the eggs they fertilize. 
E) B, C, and D 
A) Males do not contribute genes to the next generation. 
B) Males do not produce new offspring. 
C) With finite resources, males take the place of offspring-producing females. 
D) Sperm cells do not contribute any substantial energy resources to the eggs they fertilize. 
E) B, C, and D

Question 16

Could HIV infection be considered a cost of sexual reproduction? Keep your answer to one sentence.

Accepted Answer

Because HIV is trans

Question 17

Which of the following statements illustrates a potential cost of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A) Proteins in the seminal fluid of Drosophila males shorten the life expectancy of inseminated females. 
B) Female birds of paradise inspect several males before deciding who to mate with. 
C) Male and female damselflies form characteristic mating wheels, which allow the partners to fly, albeit at slower speeds than single damselflies. 
D) All of the above 
A) Proteins in the seminal fluid of Drosophila males shorten the life expectancy of inseminated females. 
B) Female birds of paradise inspect several males before deciding who to mate with. 
C) Male and female damselflies form characteristic mating wheels, which allow the partners to fly, albeit at slower speeds than single damselflies. 
D) All of the above

Question 18

What evolutionary model for the maintenance of sexual reproduction do the following data appear to support?

Accepted Answer

A) Muller's ratchet 
B) The Red Queen hypothesis 
C) The Fisher-Muller hypothesis 
D) The environmental unpredictability hypothesis 
A) Muller's ratchet 
B) The Red Queen hypothesis 
C) The Fisher-Muller hypothesis 
D) The environmental unpredictability hypothesis

Question 19

Is it possible for a recombination event to turn Muller's ratchet "forward" in the population of chromosomes below? The dots on the chromosomes indicate deleterious mutations.Indicate the crossing-over event by placing an X on the figure.

Accepted Answer

Yes,by a crossing-over event b

Question 20

Why do some scientists consider automixis sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A) It results in only heterozygous gametes. 
B) It allows for crossing-over. 
C) It can turn back Muller's ratchet. 
D) It reshuffles variation that originated in a bisexually reproducing population. 
E) B and C 
A) It results in only heterozygous gametes. 
B) It allows for crossing-over. 
C) It can turn back Muller's ratchet. 
D) It reshuffles variation that originated in a bisexually reproducing population. 
E) B and C

Develop a short hypothetical explanation (one sentence)for the observed distribution of obligate asexual reproduction under the environmental unpredictability model.

The figure below illustrates the proportion of a particular asexual snail clone in a population and the degree to which it was infected with a particular parasite.Which prediction of the Red Queen hypothesis do these results appear to reflect?

What are two examples of asexual-like reproduction in the genomes of obligate sexually reproducing organisms?

Would there be any disadvantage of sex if sexual reproduction was isogamous?

What is the consequence of a deleterious mutation becoming fixed in a population?

What are coadapted gene complexes?

During bacterial conjugation,small circular chromosomes of DNA,called plasmids,are transferred from one bacterial cell to another.Why does this mechanism not fit the common definition of sexual reproduction?

You catalog all obligate asexual species within a family of insects and notice that asexual species are rare,and they are all members of genera that consist predominantly of sexual species.You conclude that the asexual species tend to be short lived.Why?

Which of the following statements is an element of the DNA repair hypothesis?

Counter the following argument: "Sexual reproduction is just an accident of evolution,once established it is irreversible.One does not need to postulate specific benefits to explain its maintenance."

What are the two immediate benefits to sexual reproduction in unpredictable environments,according to Kondrashov?

Some mammals have demonstrated preferential attraction to individuals that carry immune system alleles that are complementary to their own.Which hypothesis does this observation support?

According to the reasoning of Maynard Smith,the rate at which the proportion of asexual females increase declines as the overall proportion of asexual to sexual individuals rises because

Do each of the following forms of reproduction represent asexual or sexual reproduction? A.Amphimixis B.Automixis C.Apomixis

Why is the cost of sex sometimes referred to as the "cost of males"?

Could HIV infection be considered a cost of sexual reproduction? Keep your answer to one sentence.

Which of the following statements illustrates a potential cost of sexual reproduction?

What evolutionary model for the maintenance of sexual reproduction do the following data appear to support?

Is it possible for a recombination event to turn Muller's ratchet "forward" in the population of chromosomes below? The dots on the chromosomes indicate deleterious mutations.Indicate the crossing-over event by placing an X on the figure.

Why do some scientists consider automixis sexual reproduction?

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

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Exam 16: The Evolution of Sex

Develop a short hypothetical explanation (one sentence)for the observed distribution of obligate asexual reproduction under the environmental unpredictability model.

The figure below illustrates the proportion of a particular asexual snail clone in a population and the degree to which it was infected with a particular parasite.Which prediction of the Red Queen hypothesis do these results appear to reflect?

What are two examples of asexual-like reproduction in the genomes of obligate sexually reproducing organisms?

Would there be any disadvantage of sex if sexual reproduction was isogamous?

What is the consequence of a deleterious mutation becoming fixed in a population?

What are coadapted gene complexes?

During bacterial conjugation,small circular chromosomes of DNA,called plasmids,are transferred from one bacterial cell to another.Why does this mechanism not fit the common definition of sexual reproduction?

You catalog all obligate asexual species within a family of insects and notice that asexual species are rare,and they are all members of genera that consist predominantly of sexual species.You conclude that the asexual species tend to be short lived.Why?

Which of the following statements is an element of the DNA repair hypothesis?

Counter the following argument: "Sexual reproduction is just an accident of evolution,once established it is irreversible.One does not need to postulate specific benefits to explain its maintenance."

What are the two immediate benefits to sexual reproduction in unpredictable environments,according to Kondrashov?

Some mammals have demonstrated preferential attraction to individuals that carry immune system alleles that are complementary to their own.Which hypothesis does this observation support?

According to the reasoning of Maynard Smith,the rate at which the proportion of asexual females increase declines as the overall proportion of asexual to sexual individuals rises because

Do each of the following forms of reproduction represent asexual or sexual reproduction? A.Amphimixis B.Automixis C.Apomixis

Why is the cost of sex sometimes referred to as the "cost of males"?

Could HIV infection be considered a cost of sexual reproduction? Keep your answer to one sentence.

Which of the following statements illustrates a potential cost of sexual reproduction?

What evolutionary model for the maintenance of sexual reproduction do the following data appear to support?

Is it possible for a recombination event to turn Muller's ratchet "forward" in the population of chromosomes below? The dots on the chromosomes indicate deleterious mutations.Indicate the crossing-over event by placing an X on the figure.

Why do some scientists consider automixis sexual reproduction?

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters