Question 1

Training is necessary in the implementation of a token economy so that change agents are able to consistently:

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminate each instance of the target behavior 
B)  delay the delivery of tokens after the target behavior occurs 
C)  implement response cost immediately before the problem behaviors occur 
D)  A and C 
A)  discriminate each instance of the target behavior 
B)  delay the delivery of tokens after the target behavior occurs 
C)  implement response cost immediately before the problem behaviors occur 
D)  A and C

Question 2

Fading is implemented in a token economy:

Accepted Answer

A)  once the individual leaves the treatment program 
B)  to decrease the probability that the behavior change will generalize 
C)  because the components of the program are found in most everyday situations 
D)  when natural reinforcement contingencies can be used to maintain the desired behavior 
A)  once the individual leaves the treatment program 
B)  to decrease the probability that the behavior change will generalize 
C)  because the components of the program are found in most everyday situations 
D)  when natural reinforcement contingencies can be used to maintain the desired behavior

Question 3

A ____________ that is used in a token economy to increase desirable behavior is referred to as a token

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned reinforcer 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  conditioned reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus 
A)  unconditioned reinforcer 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  conditioned reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 4

When an individual accumulates a specified number of tokens in a token economy, the tokens are exchanged for ____________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned 
B)  backup 
C)  secondary 
D)  negative 
A)  conditioned 
B)  backup 
C)  secondary 
D)  negative

Question 5

A change agent should always deliver the tokens ________________ the desirable behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A change agent should always deliver the...

Question 6

Fading the use of tokens in a token economy:

Accepted Answer

A)  is started shortly after the person begins the program 
B)  increases the chance that the behavior change will generalize from the token economy to the natural environment 
C)  should be avoided because it make the token economy less effective 
D)  A and B 
A)  is started shortly after the person begins the program 
B)  increases the chance that the behavior change will generalize from the token economy to the natural environment 
C)  should be avoided because it make the token economy less effective 
D)  A and B

Question 7

A specific time and place is chosen for exchanging tokens for back up reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

There is typically a delay between when the target behavior occurs and when the tokens are given.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A researcher is trying to identify items that could be used as tokens to improve the academic performance of hyperactive students.Which of the following items would be good to use as tokens in the token economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  pennies 
B)  snacks 
C)  toys 
D)  all of these 
A)  pennies 
B)  snacks 
C)  toys 
D)  all of these

Question 10

A token becomes a conditioned reinforcer because it is paired with:

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing operations 
B)  backup reinforcers 
C)  the occurrence of desirable behavior 
D)  A and B 
A)  establishing operations 
B)  backup reinforcers 
C)  the occurrence of desirable behavior 
D)  A and B

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the use of response cost in a token economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  it should be implemented at the beginning of the program 
B)  clients should be aware of the number of tokens lost for undesirable behavior 
C)  it involves the loss of tokens for engaging in undesirable behavior 
D)  the number of tokens lost should depend on the severity of the problem 
A)  it should be implemented at the beginning of the program 
B)  clients should be aware of the number of tokens lost for undesirable behavior 
C)  it involves the loss of tokens for engaging in undesirable behavior 
D)  the number of tokens lost should depend on the severity of the problem

Question 12

Which of the following is true concerning a token economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  desirable behavior can be immediately reinforced 
B)  tokens are not easy to dispense and accumulate 
C)  a token economy is easy to implement in terms of time and effort 
D)  A and C 
A)  desirable behavior can be immediately reinforced 
B)  tokens are not easy to dispense and accumulate 
C)  a token economy is easy to implement in terms of time and effort 
D)  A and C

Question 13

The tokens that are selected for use in a token economy must be all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  easy to dispense 
B)  easy to accumulate 
C)  easy to spend 
D)  easy to duplicate 
A)  easy to dispense 
B)  easy to accumulate 
C)  easy to spend 
D)  easy to duplicate

Question 14

How are back-up reinforcers obtained in a token economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  by paying for them with tokens 
B)  in a response cost program 
C)  they are delivered following appropriate behavior 
D)  A and C 
A)  by paying for them with tokens 
B)  in a response cost program 
C)  they are delivered following appropriate behavior 
D)  A and C

Question 15

A behavioral definition of the desirable behavior is important in a token economy for all of the following reasons except:

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals will know what is expected of them 
B)  the desirable behavior can be assigned a label 
C)  change agents can reliably deliver the tokens 
D)  the occurrence of the desirable behavior can be recorded 
A)  individuals will know what is expected of them 
B)  the desirable behavior can be assigned a label 
C)  change agents can reliably deliver the tokens 
D)  the occurrence of the desirable behavior can be recorded

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the use of praise in a token economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  praise is a natural conditioned reinforcer for most people 
B)  praise is faded once the desirable behavior begins to occur regularly 
C)  praise is continued after the use of tokens has been discontinued 
D)  praise will become more potent when paired with tokens 
A)  praise is a natural conditioned reinforcer for most people 
B)  praise is faded once the desirable behavior begins to occur regularly 
C)  praise is continued after the use of tokens has been discontinued 
D)  praise will become more potent when paired with tokens

Question 17

A researcher plans to implement a token economy with a group of juvenile offenders in a treatment program.What is the first step in planning a token economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  identifying items to use as tokens 
B)  deciding on the schedule of reinforcement 
C)  defining the target behavior 
D)  identifying backup reinforcers 
A)  identifying items to use as tokens 
B)  deciding on the schedule of reinforcement 
C)  defining the target behavior 
D)  identifying backup reinforcers

Question 18

A wide variety of back-up reinforcers is best to use in a token economy because:

Accepted Answer

A)  satiation is more likely to occur 
B)  satiation is less likely to occur 
C)  it is more likely that there will be something that is reinforcing for everybody in the program 
D)  B and C 
A)  satiation is more likely to occur 
B)  satiation is less likely to occur 
C)  it is more likely that there will be something that is reinforcing for everybody in the program 
D)  B and C

Question 19

Tokens are conditioned reinforcers because they are paired with ___________________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tokens are conditioned reinforcers because they are...

Question 20

A token must be tangible, practical, and convenient to carry and dispense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: The Token Economy

Training is necessary in the implementation of a token economy so that change agents are able to consistently:

Fading is implemented in a token economy:

A ____________ that is used in a token economy to increase desirable behavior is referred to as a token

When an individual accumulates a specified number of tokens in a token economy, the tokens are exchanged for ____________ reinforcers.

A change agent should always deliver the tokens ________________ the desirable behavior.

Fading the use of tokens in a token economy:

A specific time and place is chosen for exchanging tokens for back up reinforcers.

There is typically a delay between when the target behavior occurs and when the tokens are given.

A researcher is trying to identify items that could be used as tokens to improve the academic performance of hyperactive students.Which of the following items would be good to use as tokens in the token economy?

A token becomes a conditioned reinforcer because it is paired with:

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the use of response cost in a token economy?

Which of the following is true concerning a token economy?

The tokens that are selected for use in a token economy must be all of the following except:

How are back-up reinforcers obtained in a token economy?

A behavioral definition of the desirable behavior is important in a token economy for all of the following reasons except:

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the use of praise in a token economy?

A researcher plans to implement a token economy with a group of juvenile offenders in a treatment program.What is the first step in planning a token economy?

A wide variety of back-up reinforcers is best to use in a token economy because:

Tokens are conditioned reinforcers because they are paired with ___________________ reinforcers.

A token must be tangible, practical, and convenient to carry and dispense.

Introduction to Behavior Modification

Observing and Recording Behavior

Graphing Behavior and Measuring Change

Reinforcement

Extinction

Punishment

Stimulus Control: Discrimination and Generalization

Respondent Conditioning

Shaping

Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control

Chaining

Behavioral Skills Training Procedures

Understanding Problem Behaviors Through Functional Assessment

Applying Extinction

Differential Reinforcement

Antecedent Control Procedures

Using Punishment: Time-Out and Response Cost

Positive Punishment Procedures and the Ethics of Punishment

Promoting Generalization

Self-Management

Habit Reversal Procedures

Behavioral Contracts

Fear and Anxiety Reduction Procedures

Cognitive Behavior Modification

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