Question 1

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) move in response to light 
B) move in response to a chemical 
C) not move in response to a chemical 
D) transport desired molecules into cells 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) move in response to light 
B) move in response to a chemical 
C) not move in response to a chemical 
D) transport desired molecules into cells 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 2

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

All bacterial cells have ________.

Accepted Answer

A) one or more chromosomes 
B) one or more fimbriae 
C) the ability to produce endospores 
D) capsules 
E) flagella 
A) one or more chromosomes 
B) one or more fimbriae 
C) the ability to produce endospores 
D) capsules 
E) flagella

Question 5

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they ________.

Accepted Answer

A) contain more peptidoglycan 
B) have a predominance of unique,waxy lipids 
C) are easily decolorized 
D) contain lipopolysaccharide 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) contain more peptidoglycan 
B) have a predominance of unique,waxy lipids 
C) are easily decolorized 
D) contain lipopolysaccharide 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ________.

Accepted Answer

A) hook 
B) outer membrane 
C) filament 
D) sheath 
E) basal body 
A) hook 
B) outer membrane 
C) filament 
D) sheath 
E) basal body

Question 7

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

Accepted Answer

A) Alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine 
B) Crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin 
C) Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin 
D) Iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone 
E) Alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine 
A) Alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine 
B) Crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin 
C) Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin 
D) Iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone 
E) Alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine

Question 8

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A triage nurse in the ER begins the assessment of an elderly patient complaining of bloody diarrhea and severe stomach cramps. The patient has a fever of 104oF as well, and is showing signs of dehydration. IV fluids are administered while further workup of the patient continues.
-Gram staining reveals the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. The RN understands how this bacterium would cause the patient's spike in temperature. Which of the following is the correct explanation for this patient's fever?

Accepted Answer

A) Gram-negative bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer which confers their ability to cause fever. 
B) Gram-negative bacteria have two periplasmic spaces,which enhance their ability to cause fever. 
C) Gram-negative bacteria have porin proteins in their outer membrane,which confer their ability to cause fever. 
D) Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in their outer membrane,and the lipid portion confers their ability to cause fever. 
A) Gram-negative bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer which confers their ability to cause fever. 
B) Gram-negative bacteria have two periplasmic spaces,which enhance their ability to cause fever. 
C) Gram-negative bacteria have porin proteins in their outer membrane,which confer their ability to cause fever. 
D) Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in their outer membrane,and the lipid portion confers their ability to cause fever.

Question 11

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a specific cell wall lipid 
B) It can stimulate fever in the human body 
C) It can cause septic shock in the human body 
D) It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases 
E) It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls 
A) It is a specific cell wall lipid 
B) It can stimulate fever in the human body 
C) It can cause septic shock in the human body 
D) It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases 
E) It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

Question 12

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall.  In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

Accepted Answer

A) Tenericutes 
B) Mendosicutes 
C) Gracilicutes 
D) Firmicutes 
A) Tenericutes 
B) Mendosicutes 
C) Gracilicutes 
D) Firmicutes

Question 13

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) amphitrichous 
B) atrichous 
C) lophotrichous 
D) monotrichous 
E) peritrichous 
A) amphitrichous 
B) atrichous 
C) lophotrichous 
D) monotrichous 
E) peritrichous

Question 14

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) Methanogens - convert CO₂ and H₂ gases into methane 
B) Extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats 
C) Psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures 
D) Hyperthermophile - adapted to high temperatures 
E) Thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments 
A) Methanogens - convert CO₂ and H₂ gases into methane 
B) Extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats 
C) Psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures 
D) Hyperthermophile - adapted to high temperatures 
E) Thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments

Question 15

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) amphitrichous 
B) atrichous 
C) lophotrichous 
D) monotrichous 
E) peritrichous 
A) amphitrichous 
B) atrichous 
C) lophotrichous 
D) monotrichous 
E) peritrichous

Question 16

The enzyme ________,found in tears and saliva,can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) penicillinase 
B) lysozyme 
C) peptidase 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) penicillinase 
B) lysozyme 
C) peptidase 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 17

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment,the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) endospore 
B) cell wall 
C) cell membrane 
D) capsule 
E) slime layer 
A) endospore 
B) cell wall 
C) cell membrane 
D) capsule 
E) slime layer

Question 19

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) rRNA sequencing 
B) Shape 
C) Growth pattern in a culture medium 
D) Biochemical reaction 
E) All of these are phenotypic traits. 
A) rRNA sequencing 
B) Shape 
C) Growth pattern in a culture medium 
D) Biochemical reaction 
E) All of these are phenotypic traits.

Exam 3: Bacteria and Archaea

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

All bacterial cells have ________.

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they ________.

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ________.

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is ________.

Which of the following is mismatched?

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is ________.

The enzyme ________,found in tears and saliva,can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment,the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ________.

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

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