Exam 13: Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.

During presentation of APC-bound antigen,macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine,________,that activates T helper cells.

To be an effective antigen,a molecule would ideally be small,and consist of repeating units with similar structure,such as a trisaccharide.

Antigen-presenting cells ________.

What are the risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained?

Vaccinating a child against a dangerous pathogen not only protects that child from disease,but it also protects society as a whole,since herd immunity in the population is maintained.

Acellular vaccines and subunit vaccines ________.

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.

An example of artificial active immunity would be ________.

The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

An RN working in a general medical-surgical unit is caring for a 57-year-old female with a bladder infection. Two weeks prior to hospitalization, the patient was experiencing slight burning upon urination. She self-treated by increasing her intake of fluids, but her symptoms continued to worsen. One week later, she developed generalized abdominal pain and a fever. She presented to the hospital when the pain became unbearable and fever reached 104°F. She was admitted to the medical-surgical unit and started on multiple IV antibiotics with concern that she could be developing a kidney infection. -What is the proper order of steps for B-cell activation?

The importance of clonal deletion is that ________.

The immunoglobulin class that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta is ________.

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

Superantigens are ________.

The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I-antigen binding to T helper cells,II-antigen binding to B cells,III-phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes,IV-killing of antigen.

A 6-year-old male is brought to his pediatrician's office with chickenpox. He has had symptoms for one week, and his mother is concerned about the patient's 8-year-old sister because she had a long, painful chickenpox infection 2 years prior. Of note, the patient was not vaccinated against chickenpox because his parents did not think it was a serious enough virus to warrant the pain of the injection. -When the patient's mother expresses concern about his sister being reinfected with chickenpox,what is the most appropriate response?  

Antitoxins ________.

B cell-receptors differ from T cell-receptors in that ________.