Question 1

The direction of synthesis of a DNA strand is

Accepted Answer

A)  from the 5' end to the 3' end on both strands. 
B)  from the 3' end to the 5' end on both strands. 
C)  from the 5' end to the 3' end on one strand and from the 3' end to the 5' end on the other strand. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  from the 5' end to the 3' end on both strands. 
B)  from the 3' end to the 5' end on both strands. 
C)  from the 5' end to the 3' end on one strand and from the 3' end to the 5' end on the other strand. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 2

How do the Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes and prokaryotes compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Okazaki fragments are much longer in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
B)  The Okazaki fragments are much shorter in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
C)  The Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes are on the leading strand, rather than the lagging strand. 
D)  There is little to no difference between the Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 
A)  The Okazaki fragments are much longer in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
B)  The Okazaki fragments are much shorter in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
C)  The Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes are on the leading strand, rather than the lagging strand. 
D)  There is little to no difference between the Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Question 3

The duplication process of DNA is called

Accepted Answer

A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  nucleation. 
A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  nucleation.

Question 4

In the synthesis of DNA in Escherichia coli

Accepted Answer

A)  a single-strand nick in the template DNA gives rise to a swivel point just in advance of the replication fork 
B)  Mn2+ is required 
C)  all enzymes involved are single polypeptide chains 
D)  neither the template DNA nor the daughter DNA molecules exhibit supercoiling 
A)  a single-strand nick in the template DNA gives rise to a swivel point just in advance of the replication fork 
B)  Mn2+ is required 
C)  all enzymes involved are single polypeptide chains 
D)  neither the template DNA nor the daughter DNA molecules exhibit supercoiling

Question 5

A special protein called proliferating cell nuclear antigen serves the purpose of the clamp in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The enzyme that attaches the Okazaki fragments together is called

Accepted Answer

A)  ligase. 
B)  primase. 
C)  DNA polymerase I 
D)  DNA polymerase III 
A)  ligase. 
B)  primase. 
C)  DNA polymerase I 
D)  DNA polymerase III

Question 7

Which of the following is not required for optimal DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primase 
B)  DNA Polymerase II. 
C)  Single strand binding proteins. 
D)  Gyrase 
E)  All of these are necessary. 
A)  Primase 
B)  DNA Polymerase II. 
C)  Single strand binding proteins. 
D)  Gyrase 
E)  All of these are necessary.

Question 8

Which of the following repair mechanisms would most likely be used to repair a G in DNA damaged by oxidation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Base Excision: 
B)  Nucleotide Excision 
C)  Pol III Proofreading 
D)  Mismatch Repair 
A)  Base Excision: 
B)  Nucleotide Excision 
C)  Pol III Proofreading 
D)  Mismatch Repair

Question 9

Replication of eukaryotic DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  must occur faster than replication of prokaryotic DNA 
B)  must be controlled to coordinate with the cell cycle 
C)  takes place during mitosis 
D)  takes place twice during each cell cycle 
A)  must occur faster than replication of prokaryotic DNA 
B)  must be controlled to coordinate with the cell cycle 
C)  takes place during mitosis 
D)  takes place twice during each cell cycle

Question 10

In order to replicate both strands,E.coli

Accepted Answer

A)  displaces one of the strands and folds it back so both strands face in the same direction, so they can be synthesized at once. 
B)  synthesizes each strand in the opposite direction (one 5' 3', one 3' 5'), so they can be synthesized at once. 
C)  only synthesizes one strand at a time. 
A)  displaces one of the strands and folds it back so both strands face in the same direction, so they can be synthesized at once. 
B)  synthesizes each strand in the opposite direction (one 5' 3', one 3' 5'), so they can be synthesized at once. 
C)  only synthesizes one strand at a time.

Question 11

Telomerase activity may decline with old age and this could explain why cells lose their ability to divide after many replications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is the need for a primer strand in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  it ensures the fidelity of the newly synthesized DNA strand 
B)  the DNA polymerases require a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 3'-OH 
C)  the DNA polymerases require a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 5'-OH 
D)  it ensures the integrity of the new DNA 
A)  it ensures the fidelity of the newly synthesized DNA strand 
B)  the DNA polymerases require a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 3'-OH 
C)  the DNA polymerases require a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 5'-OH 
D)  it ensures the integrity of the new DNA

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about the so-called "MUT" (for "mutation") repair mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depend on the methylation of old strands of DNA to determine which strand to repair. 
B)  Often remove hundreds or even thousands of bases during the repair process. 
C)  Can only repair mismatches that occur during the normal replication process. 
D)  All of these are true. 
A)  Depend on the methylation of old strands of DNA to determine which strand to repair. 
B)  Often remove hundreds or even thousands of bases during the repair process. 
C)  Can only repair mismatches that occur during the normal replication process. 
D)  All of these are true.

Question 14

Okazaki fragments are

Accepted Answer

A)  short DNA pieces that explain how DNA is synthesized on the lagging strand. 
B)  short DNA pieces that explain how DNA is synthesized on the leading strand. 
C)  the remnants of the original strands that are dispersed in the new double stranded DNA molecules 
D)  RNA primers used for DNA replication. 
A)  short DNA pieces that explain how DNA is synthesized on the lagging strand. 
B)  short DNA pieces that explain how DNA is synthesized on the leading strand. 
C)  the remnants of the original strands that are dispersed in the new double stranded DNA molecules 
D)  RNA primers used for DNA replication.

Question 15

Repair of DNA is usually carried out by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis of the entire damaged DNA molecule and synthesis of new DNA 
B)  hydrolysis of one strand of the damaged DNA molecule and synthesis of a new strand 
C)  a cut-and patch process 
D)  introducing additional supercoiling in the molecule 
A)  hydrolysis of the entire damaged DNA molecule and synthesis of new DNA 
B)  hydrolysis of one strand of the damaged DNA molecule and synthesis of a new strand 
C)  a cut-and patch process 
D)  introducing additional supercoiling in the molecule

Question 16

Which of the following play a role in DNA replication in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclin-dependent kinases 
B)  origin recognition complex 
C)  replication licensing factors 
D)  all of these 
A)  cyclin-dependent kinases 
B)  origin recognition complex 
C)  replication licensing factors 
D)  all of these

Question 17

The universal features of DNA replication include all the following,except:

Accepted Answer

A) Release of PPi from a nucleoside triphosphate. 
B) Synthesis from the 5' end to the 3' end. 
C) Base pairing of A to T and G to C. 
D) Use of a primer. 
E) All of these describe DNA synthesis. 
A) Release of PPi from a nucleoside triphosphate. 
B) Synthesis from the 5' end to the 3' end. 
C) Base pairing of A to T and G to C. 
D) Use of a primer. 
E) All of these describe DNA synthesis.

Question 18

In prokaryotic replication,all DNA polymerases are capable of all of the following tasks except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Reading a template strand and putting the complementary base in the correct position 
B)  Polymerizing DNA in the 5' to 3' direction 
C)  Excising DNA in the 3' to 5' direction 
D)  Excising DNA in the 5' to 3' direction 
E)  All of these are capabilities of all DNA polymerases 
A)  Reading a template strand and putting the complementary base in the correct position 
B)  Polymerizing DNA in the 5' to 3' direction 
C)  Excising DNA in the 3' to 5' direction 
D)  Excising DNA in the 5' to 3' direction 
E)  All of these are capabilities of all DNA polymerases

Question 19

What is the requirement for a template strand in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  It serves as a guide in determining the next nucleotide to be added according to the Watson-Crick base pairing scheme. 
B)  It serves as the start point for the new DNA strand. 
C)  It allows the DNA polymerase to move along it easily. 
D)  It is a substrate for the 3'-5' exonuclease activity. 
A)  It serves as a guide in determining the next nucleotide to be added according to the Watson-Crick base pairing scheme. 
B)  It serves as the start point for the new DNA strand. 
C)  It allows the DNA polymerase to move along it easily. 
D)  It is a substrate for the 3'-5' exonuclease activity.

Exam 10: Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

The direction of synthesis of a DNA strand is

How do the Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes and prokaryotes compare?

The duplication process of DNA is called

In the synthesis of DNA in Escherichia coli

A special protein called proliferating cell nuclear antigen serves the purpose of the clamp in eukaryotes.

The enzyme that attaches the Okazaki fragments together is called

Which of the following is not required for optimal DNA replication?

Which of the following repair mechanisms would most likely be used to repair a G in DNA damaged by oxidation?

Replication of eukaryotic DNA

In order to replicate both strands,E.coli

Telomerase activity may decline with old age and this could explain why cells lose their ability to divide after many replications.

What is the need for a primer strand in DNA replication?

Which of the following statements is true about the so-called "MUT" (for "mutation") repair mechanisms?

Okazaki fragments are

Repair of DNA is usually carried out by

Which of the following play a role in DNA replication in eukaryotes?

The universal features of DNA replication include all the following,except:

In prokaryotic replication,all DNA polymerases are capable of all of the following tasks except:

What is the requirement for a template strand in DNA replication?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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