Question 1

Heterotrophs include

Accepted Answer

A) producers only. 
B) consumers only. 
C) consumers and decomposers. 
D) producers and consumers. 
E) producers, consumers, and decomposers. 
A) producers only. 
B) consumers only. 
C) consumers and decomposers. 
D) producers and consumers. 
E) producers, consumers, and decomposers.

Question 2

Select the statement that explains the usefulness of metagenomic analysis in research today.

Accepted Answer

A)  It evaluates microbial diversity in a habitat. 
B)  It allows the identification of unculturable microorganisms. 
C)  It detects the abundance of microorganisms in an environment. 
D)  All of these are correct statements. 
A)  It evaluates microbial diversity in a habitat. 
B)  It allows the identification of unculturable microorganisms. 
C)  It detects the abundance of microorganisms in an environment. 
D)  All of these are correct statements.

Question 3

Plastic marine debris was collected from multiple sites in the ocean and examined with electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing.These techniques revealed microbial communities growing on the plastics.Which of the following statements is correct regarding these communities?

Accepted Answer

A) The community within the plastic must be very similar to the community in the surrounding ocean waters. 
B) These communities are very likely to be pure cultures, as plastics have been synthesized precisely because they are resistant to microbial degradation. 
C) There are no bacteriophage that use these microbes as hosts, as viruses are rare in marine ecosystems. 
D) At least one member of the community must synthesize an enzyme to degrade the hydrocarbon comprising the plastic. 
A) The community within the plastic must be very similar to the community in the surrounding ocean waters. 
B) These communities are very likely to be pure cultures, as plastics have been synthesized precisely because they are resistant to microbial degradation. 
C) There are no bacteriophage that use these microbes as hosts, as viruses are rare in marine ecosystems. 
D) At least one member of the community must synthesize an enzyme to degrade the hydrocarbon comprising the plastic.

Question 4

The breakdown of man-made compounds by decomposers is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) saprobism 
B) mineralization 
C) decomposition 
D) parasitism 
E) bioremediation 
A) saprobism 
B) mineralization 
C) decomposition 
D) parasitism 
E) bioremediation

Question 5

The study of interactions between microbes and their environment and how those interactions affect the earth is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) applied microbiology 
B) bioengineering 
C) microbial ecology 
D) industrial microbiology 
E) biotechnology 
A) applied microbiology 
B) bioengineering 
C) microbial ecology 
D) industrial microbiology 
E) biotechnology

Question 6

Nutrient deficient aquatic ecosystems are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) oligotrophic 
B) autotrophic 
C) hypotrophic 
D) epitrophic 
E) eutrophic 
A) oligotrophic 
B) autotrophic 
C) hypotrophic 
D) epitrophic 
E) eutrophic

Question 7

Metagenomic analysis involves DNA sequencing of various samples taken from a particular habitat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

You have been using massive amounts of weed killer and insecticide to kill weeds in your yard, as well as the grubs and aphids that are munching on your roses and your grass.What effect might this have from a microbiological standpoint?

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of microbial diversity in the soil 
B) Reduction in microbial numbers in the soil 
C) Damage to the nitrogen fixing bacteria 
D) Damage to the mycorrhizae 
E) All of the above may be effects of this practice. 
A) Loss of microbial diversity in the soil 
B) Reduction in microbial numbers in the soil 
C) Damage to the nitrogen fixing bacteria 
D) Damage to the mycorrhizae 
E) All of the above may be effects of this practice.

Question 9

Which of the following statements considering the human body as an ecosystem is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) The skin, the gut, and the nasopharynx are all habitats. 
B) The microbes present in dental plaque constitute a community. 
C) Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus jensenii are populations within the vaginal community. 
D) An infection can be considered a habitat's response to an alteration in environmental conditions. 
A) The skin, the gut, and the nasopharynx are all habitats. 
B) The microbes present in dental plaque constitute a community. 
C) Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus jensenii are populations within the vaginal community. 
D) An infection can be considered a habitat's response to an alteration in environmental conditions.

Question 10

The slowly decaying organic litter from plant and animal tissues that is found in the soil is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) the lithosphere 
B) detritus 
C) aggregate 
D) a biofilm 
A) the lithosphere 
B) detritus 
C) aggregate 
D) a biofilm

Question 11

Which of the following types of microbes is most likely to be found in the sediment of Lake Michigan?

Accepted Answer

A) Mesophiles; temperatures in the hypolimnion support growth in the 4-9°C range 
B) Autotrophs; their carbon source is dissolved carbon dioxide 
C) Cyanobacteria; seasonal upwelling of nutrients can cause dramatic increases in their numbers 
D) Anaerobes; oxygen is least abundant in the sediment layer 
A) Mesophiles; temperatures in the hypolimnion support growth in the 4-9°C range 
B) Autotrophs; their carbon source is dissolved carbon dioxide 
C) Cyanobacteria; seasonal upwelling of nutrients can cause dramatic increases in their numbers 
D) Anaerobes; oxygen is least abundant in the sediment layer

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding red tides is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxins produced by dinoflagellates are skin irritants. 
B) Red tides are also known as harmful algal blooms (HABs). 
C) Dinoflagellates produce a toxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning. 
D) Red tides result from an overgrowth of dinoflagellates. 
A) Toxins produced by dinoflagellates are skin irritants. 
B) Red tides are also known as harmful algal blooms (HABs). 
C) Dinoflagellates produce a toxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning. 
D) Red tides result from an overgrowth of dinoflagellates.

Question 13

Which of the following is a source of methane?

Accepted Answer

A) Gastrointestinal tract of cattle and sheep 
B) Photosynthesis from halophiles in the Dead Sea 
C) Decomposition of organic detritus on the forest floor 
D) Degradation of cellulose and lignin by fungi 
E) All of these processes produce methane. 
A) Gastrointestinal tract of cattle and sheep 
B) Photosynthesis from halophiles in the Dead Sea 
C) Decomposition of organic detritus on the forest floor 
D) Degradation of cellulose and lignin by fungi 
E) All of these processes produce methane.

Question 14

The zone of soil around roots of plants is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) biosphere 
B) lithosphere 
C) rhizosphere 
D) hydrosphere 
E) ionosphere 
A) biosphere 
B) lithosphere 
C) rhizosphere 
D) hydrosphere 
E) ionosphere

Question 15

The full extent of the diversity and abundance of life on earth has only been understood in the past few years as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) microscopy techniques to identify the vast quantity of viruses present in all environments. 
B) advances in deep oceanography and deep earth mining engineering. 
C) environmental movements to preserve parks, coral reefs, and glaciers. 
D) techniques to identify organisms that do not rely on culturing. 
A) microscopy techniques to identify the vast quantity of viruses present in all environments. 
B) advances in deep oceanography and deep earth mining engineering. 
C) environmental movements to preserve parks, coral reefs, and glaciers. 
D) techniques to identify organisms that do not rely on culturing.

Question 16

The terrestrial realm of the biosphere is distributed into particular climatic regions called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) populations 
B) communities 
C) habitats 
D) niches 
E) biomes 
A) populations 
B) communities 
C) habitats 
D) niches 
E) biomes

Question 17

Toxic substances accumulate through natural trophic flow of an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Looking at the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock through the lens of "One Health," which of the following statements best describes the interrelationship of these components of the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) Choosing a vegetarian lifestyle goes a long way to avoid risks associated with antibiotic-treated livestock. 
B) The broad range of antibiotics available will provide widespread protection from pathogenic microbes. 
C) Livestock can be more susceptible to infectious diseases because of the energy required for such rapid growth. 
D) Spontaneous antibiotic resistance that arises in animals can be rapidly spread to humans who work on factory farms. 
A) Choosing a vegetarian lifestyle goes a long way to avoid risks associated with antibiotic-treated livestock. 
B) The broad range of antibiotics available will provide widespread protection from pathogenic microbes. 
C) Livestock can be more susceptible to infectious diseases because of the energy required for such rapid growth. 
D) Spontaneous antibiotic resistance that arises in animals can be rapidly spread to humans who work on factory farms.

Question 19

Which organism is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legumes?

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium 
B) Pseudomonas 
C) Rhizobium 
D) Nitrobacter 
A) Clostridium 
B) Pseudomonas 
C) Rhizobium 
D) Nitrobacter

Question 20

A collection of organisms, together with the physical and chemical factors in their environment, are called a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrosphere 
B) lithosphere 
C) ecosystem 
D) atmosphere 
E) biosphere 
A) hydrosphere 
B) lithosphere 
C) ecosystem 
D) atmosphere 
E) biosphere

Exam 24: Microbes and the Environment

Heterotrophs include

Select the statement that explains the usefulness of metagenomic analysis in research today.

Plastic marine debris was collected from multiple sites in the ocean and examined with electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing.These techniques revealed microbial communities growing on the plastics.Which of the following statements is correct regarding these communities?

The breakdown of man-made compounds by decomposers is called ______.

The study of interactions between microbes and their environment and how those interactions affect the earth is called ______.

Nutrient deficient aquatic ecosystems are called ______.

Metagenomic analysis involves DNA sequencing of various samples taken from a particular habitat.

You have been using massive amounts of weed killer and insecticide to kill weeds in your yard, as well as the grubs and aphids that are munching on your roses and your grass.What effect might this have from a microbiological standpoint?

Which of the following statements considering the human body as an ecosystem is incorrect?

The slowly decaying organic litter from plant and animal tissues that is found in the soil is called ______.

Which of the following types of microbes is most likely to be found in the sediment of Lake Michigan?

Which of the following statements regarding red tides is incorrect?

Which of the following is a source of methane?

The zone of soil around roots of plants is called the ______.

The full extent of the diversity and abundance of life on earth has only been understood in the past few years as a result of

The terrestrial realm of the biosphere is distributed into particular climatic regions called ______.

Toxic substances accumulate through natural trophic flow of an ecosystem.

Looking at the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock through the lens of "One Health," which of the following statements best describes the interrelationship of these components of the biosphere?

Which organism is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legumes?

A collection of organisms, together with the physical and chemical factors in their environment, are called a(n) ______.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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