Question 1

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced in order to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

Accepted Answer

A) Complement production 
B) Inflammation 
C) Interferon production 
D) Lysozyme production 
E) Phagocytosis 
A) Complement production 
B) Inflammation 
C) Interferon production 
D) Lysozyme production 
E) Phagocytosis

Question 2

The second line of defense includes inflammation, phagocytosis, fever, and antimicrobial proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has chemicals in its cell wall that inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Complement proteins will take over to destroy the bacteria. 
B) Antibodies produced by the cells can more effectively kill the bacteria. 
C) The bacterium can survive and replicate inside of the phagocytic cell. 
D) The bacterium can produce chemicals which can destroy the macrophage housing the bacterium. 
A) Complement proteins will take over to destroy the bacteria. 
B) Antibodies produced by the cells can more effectively kill the bacteria. 
C) The bacterium can survive and replicate inside of the phagocytic cell. 
D) The bacterium can produce chemicals which can destroy the macrophage housing the bacterium.

Question 4

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

Accepted Answer

A) Spleen 
B) Thymus 
C) GALT 
D) Tonsils 
E) Lymph nodes 
A) Spleen 
B) Thymus 
C) GALT 
D) Tonsils 
E) Lymph nodes

Question 5

One of the major differences between the first and second line of defense is that

Accepted Answer

A) the first line defenses involve complement proteins whereas the second line defenses involve antibodies. 
B) the first line defenses involve the respiratory tract whereas the second line defenses involve the gastrointestinal tract. 
C) the first line defenses are mechanisms whereas the second line defenses are physical barriers to infection. 
D) the first line defenses are anatomical barriers whereas the second line defenses are mechanisms. 
A) the first line defenses involve complement proteins whereas the second line defenses involve antibodies. 
B) the first line defenses involve the respiratory tract whereas the second line defenses involve the gastrointestinal tract. 
C) the first line defenses are mechanisms whereas the second line defenses are physical barriers to infection. 
D) the first line defenses are anatomical barriers whereas the second line defenses are mechanisms.

Question 6

Plasma is also called lymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Hematopoiesis is the

Accepted Answer

A) production of only red blood cells. 
B) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
C) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues. 
D) production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. 
E) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
A) production of only red blood cells. 
B) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
C) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues. 
D) production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. 
E) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding.

Question 8

The main function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to provide

Accepted Answer

A) surveillance cells. 
B) a connection between tissues and organs. 
C) filtration of extracellular fluid. 
D) filtration of blood. 
A) surveillance cells. 
B) a connection between tissues and organs. 
C) filtration of extracellular fluid. 
D) filtration of blood.

Question 9

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

All of the following pertain to platelets, except

Accepted Answer

A) they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells. 
B) they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. 
C) they function in blood clotting and inflammation. 
D) they function primarily in hemostasis. 
E) they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
A) they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells. 
B) they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. 
C) they function in blood clotting and inflammation. 
D) they function primarily in hemostasis. 
E) they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 11

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A) Activation of complement 
B) Vascular reactions 
C) Injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators 
D) Formation of pus and edema 
E) Scar formation and/or resolution 
A) Activation of complement 
B) Vascular reactions 
C) Injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators 
D) Formation of pus and edema 
E) Scar formation and/or resolution

Question 12

Despite not being a physical barrier, the resident microbiota are considered part of the first line of defense since they stimulate inflammation and fever, enhancing pathogen removal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota?

Accepted Answer

A) Eyes 
B) Skin 
C) Urinary tract 
D) Digestive tract 
E) Respiratory tract 
A) Eyes 
B) Skin 
C) Urinary tract 
D) Digestive tract 
E) Respiratory tract

Question 14

Your 81-year old grandfather has been diagnosed with cancer of the thymus.The doctor is urging surgical removal of the cancer, but you and the family are worried about the consequences of removing an entire organ such as the thymus.Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Your grandfather would not be able to produce complement proteins necessary for pathogen control and inflammation. 
B) Your grandfather will have a loss of T lymphocytes and will have an immune deficiency. 
C) Your grandfather would not have sufficient phagocytic cells and would not be able to contain bacterial infections. 
D) There is nothing to worry about; thymus removal will not affect your grandfather's immune status at his age. 
A) Your grandfather would not be able to produce complement proteins necessary for pathogen control and inflammation. 
B) Your grandfather will have a loss of T lymphocytes and will have an immune deficiency. 
C) Your grandfather would not have sufficient phagocytic cells and would not be able to contain bacterial infections. 
D) There is nothing to worry about; thymus removal will not affect your grandfather's immune status at his age.

Question 15

Plasma cells

Accepted Answer

A) are derived from T lymphocytes. 
B) function in cell-mediated immunity. 
C) function in blood clotting. 
D) produce and secrete antibodies. 
A) are derived from T lymphocytes. 
B) function in cell-mediated immunity. 
C) function in blood clotting. 
D) produce and secrete antibodies.

Question 16

A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) pain 
B) chills 
C) sweating 
D) heat 
A) pain 
B) chills 
C) sweating 
D) heat

Question 17

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are ______.

Accepted Answer

A) eosinophils 
B) lymphocytes 
C) neutrophils 
D) monocytes 
E) basophils 
A) eosinophils 
B) lymphocytes 
C) neutrophils 
D) monocytes 
E) basophils

Question 18

Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ______.

Accepted Answer

A) markers 
B) sizes 
C) cell processes 
D) shapes 
E) cell walls 
A) markers 
B) sizes 
C) cell processes 
D) shapes 
E) cell walls

Question 19

All of the following are physical barriers to pathogens, except ______.

Accepted Answer

A) hairs 
B) T cells 
C) unbroken skin 
D) mucous 
E) tears 
A) hairs 
B) T cells 
C) unbroken skin 
D) mucous 
E) tears

Question 20

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced in order to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

The second line of defense includes inflammation, phagocytosis, fever, and antimicrobial proteins.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has chemicals in its cell wall that inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes.Which statement is true?

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

One of the major differences between the first and second line of defense is that

Plasma is also called lymph.

Hematopoiesis is the

The main function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to provide

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

All of the following pertain to platelets, except

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammatory process?

Despite not being a physical barrier, the resident microbiota are considered part of the first line of defense since they stimulate inflammation and fever, enhancing pathogen removal.

Which body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota?

Your 81-year old grandfather has been diagnosed with cancer of the thymus.The doctor is urging surgical removal of the cancer, but you and the family are worried about the consequences of removing an entire organ such as the thymus.Which statement is correct?

Plasma cells

A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are ______.

Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ______.

All of the following are physical barriers to pathogens, except ______.

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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