Question 1

Which environment represents the largest pool of microbial genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rainforest 
B)  Freshwater lakes 
C)  Oceans 
D)  Soil 
E)  Humans and animals 
A)  Rainforest 
B)  Freshwater lakes 
C)  Oceans 
D)  Soil 
E)  Humans and animals

Question 2

Toxic substances accumulate through natural trophic flow of an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Phytoplankton is composed of protozoa and small invertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The total amount of water in the hydrologic cycle has been decreasing over the last million years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The majority of Earth's water is found in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  icecaps and glaciers 
B)  oceans 
C)  freshwater lakes 
D)  soil moisture 
E)  ground water 
A)  icecaps and glaciers 
B)  oceans 
C)  freshwater lakes 
D)  soil moisture 
E)  ground water

Question 6

Considering the increase in tick-borne diseases in the context of "One Health," which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Borrelia, Babesia, and Ehrlichia can rapidly adapt to changing insect vectors, thereby increasing their populations as they move from ticks to mosquitoes. 
B)  Ticks carrying multiple pathogens reproduce at a slower rate, rendering them less likely to infect humans. 
C)  Lyme disease has spread from deer to humans upon increasing development of the forested environments usually inhabited by deer. 
D)  Ticks carrying Borrelia are likely to encounter hosts already infected with Babesia or Ehrlichia, resulting in ticks that co-infect with multiple pathogens. 
A)  Borrelia, Babesia, and Ehrlichia can rapidly adapt to changing insect vectors, thereby increasing their populations as they move from ticks to mosquitoes. 
B)  Ticks carrying multiple pathogens reproduce at a slower rate, rendering them less likely to infect humans. 
C)  Lyme disease has spread from deer to humans upon increasing development of the forested environments usually inhabited by deer. 
D)  Ticks carrying Borrelia are likely to encounter hosts already infected with Babesia or Ehrlichia, resulting in ticks that co-infect with multiple pathogens.

Question 7

Both energy and nutrients cycle through an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

There are very few viruses in aquatic environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The three components that interact for one health are

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment, humans, and animals. 
B)  prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. 
C)  producers, consumers, and decomposers. 
D)  bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. 
A)  the environment, humans, and animals. 
B)  prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. 
C)  producers, consumers, and decomposers. 
D)  bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

Question 10

Metagenomic analysis involves DNA sequencing of various samples taken from a particular habitat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The primary role of producers is the recycling of nutrients in an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The combustion of fossil fuels,such as coal,oil,and gas,have contributed to the steady increase in atmospheric CO2 gas over the last 25 years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The warmest area of a lake during the summer is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  benthic zone 
B)  limnion 
C)  thermocline 
D)  hypolimnion 
E)  epilimnion 
A)  benthic zone 
B)  limnion 
C)  thermocline 
D)  hypolimnion 
E)  epilimnion

Question 14

Which of the following is a source of methane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastrointestinal tract of cattle and sheep 
B)  Photosynthesis from halophiles in the Dead Sea 
C)  Decomposition of organic detritus on the forest floor 
D)  Degradation of cellulose and lignin by fungi 
E)  All of these processes produce methane. 
A)  Gastrointestinal tract of cattle and sheep 
B)  Photosynthesis from halophiles in the Dead Sea 
C)  Decomposition of organic detritus on the forest floor 
D)  Degradation of cellulose and lignin by fungi 
E)  All of these processes produce methane.

Question 15

Plastic marine debris was collected from multiple sites in the ocean and examined with electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing.These techniques revealed microbial communities growing on the plastics.Which of the following statements is correct regarding these communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  The community within the plastic must be very similar to the community in the surrounding ocean waters. 
B)  These communities are very likely to be pure cultures, as plastics have been synthesized precisely because they are resistant to microbial degradation. 
C)  There are no bacteriophage that use these microbes as hosts, as viruses are rare in marine ecosystems. 
D)  At least one member of the community must synthesize an enzyme to degrade the hydrocarbon comprising the plastic. 
A)  The community within the plastic must be very similar to the community in the surrounding ocean waters. 
B)  These communities are very likely to be pure cultures, as plastics have been synthesized precisely because they are resistant to microbial degradation. 
C)  There are no bacteriophage that use these microbes as hosts, as viruses are rare in marine ecosystems. 
D)  At least one member of the community must synthesize an enzyme to degrade the hydrocarbon comprising the plastic.

Question 16

The major group of organisms that fix nitrogen into ammonia and then oxidize it to nitrate are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  fungi 
C)  protozoa 
D)  algae 
A)  bacteria 
B)  fungi 
C)  protozoa 
D)  algae

Question 17

The breakdown of man-made compounds by decomposers is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  saprobism 
B)  mineralization 
C)  decomposition 
D)  parasitism 
E)  bioremediation 
A)  saprobism 
B)  mineralization 
C)  decomposition 
D)  parasitism 
E)  bioremediation

Question 18

A Paramecium is an example of a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary consumer 
B)  primary producer 
C)  quaternary consumer 
D)  tertiary consumer 
E)  secondary consumer 
A)  primary consumer 
B)  primary producer 
C)  quaternary consumer 
D)  tertiary consumer 
E)  secondary consumer

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning metagenomic sequencing is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Software aligns sequences and assemble large portions of genomes. 
B)  The samples are subject to polymerase chain reaction for amplification. 
C)  The sequences of the amplified fragments are determined by next-generation methods. 
D)  Proteins are extracted from an environment, fragmented, and adaptors are added. 
A)  Software aligns sequences and assemble large portions of genomes. 
B)  The samples are subject to polymerase chain reaction for amplification. 
C)  The sequences of the amplified fragments are determined by next-generation methods. 
D)  Proteins are extracted from an environment, fragmented, and adaptors are added.

Question 20

You are "living off the grid" meaning that you are not using any public utilities: no water supply,sewer connection,natural gas,or electricity.You do have a septic tank,whose pipe carries sewage underground where it is released over a wide area,the leaching field.There is also a small pond out there that you have stocked with fish.However,you notice that the fish are floating dead in the water,and the pond has a green scum on it.What happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is oxygen depletion in the pond due to the leakage of phosphates and other compounds from your septic tank. 
B)  There are not enough nutrients in the water, so the fish died. 
C)  Chemical toxins from your septic tank cleaner have killed the fish. 
D)  The fish died due to a lack of calcium, which then caused the algae to overgrow. 
A)  There is oxygen depletion in the pond due to the leakage of phosphates and other compounds from your septic tank. 
B)  There are not enough nutrients in the water, so the fish died. 
C)  Chemical toxins from your septic tank cleaner have killed the fish. 
D)  The fish died due to a lack of calcium, which then caused the algae to overgrow.

Exam 24: Microbes and the Environment

Which environment represents the largest pool of microbial genes?

Toxic substances accumulate through natural trophic flow of an ecosystem.

Phytoplankton is composed of protozoa and small invertebrates.

The total amount of water in the hydrologic cycle has been decreasing over the last million years.

The majority of Earth's water is found in ______.

Considering the increase in tick-borne diseases in the context of "One Health," which of the following statements is correct?

Both energy and nutrients cycle through an ecosystem.

There are very few viruses in aquatic environments.

The three components that interact for one health are

Metagenomic analysis involves DNA sequencing of various samples taken from a particular habitat.

The primary role of producers is the recycling of nutrients in an ecosystem.

The combustion of fossil fuels,such as coal,oil,and gas,have contributed to the steady increase in atmospheric CO2 gas over the last 25 years.

The warmest area of a lake during the summer is the ______.

Which of the following is a source of methane?

Plastic marine debris was collected from multiple sites in the ocean and examined with electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing.These techniques revealed microbial communities growing on the plastics.Which of the following statements is correct regarding these communities?

The major group of organisms that fix nitrogen into ammonia and then oxidize it to nitrate are ______.

The breakdown of man-made compounds by decomposers is called ______.

A Paramecium is an example of a ______.

Which of the following statements concerning metagenomic sequencing is incorrect?

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

The combustion of fossil fuels,such as coal,oil,and gas,have contributed to the steady increase in atmospheric CO₂ gas over the last 25 years.