Question 1

The conversion of nitrate (NO3-)to nitrogen gas (N2)is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis 
B)  ammonification 
C)  denitrification 
D)  nitrogen fixation 
E)  nitrification 
A)  photosynthesis 
B)  ammonification 
C)  denitrification 
D)  nitrogen fixation 
E)  nitrification

Question 2

Considering the human body as an ecosystem,which of the following statements is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The human ecosystem lacks an autotrophic niche. 
B)  The microbiota in the human gut is comprised of heterotrophs. 
C)  Microbes act as producers, consumers, and decomposers within the human ecosystem. 
D)  Energy for the human microbiome derives exclusively from the food we eat. 
A)  The human ecosystem lacks an autotrophic niche. 
B)  The microbiota in the human gut is comprised of heterotrophs. 
C)  Microbes act as producers, consumers, and decomposers within the human ecosystem. 
D)  Energy for the human microbiome derives exclusively from the food we eat.

Question 3

The thermocline is broken down by temperature changes that allow upwelling to occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

You are preparing a garden and want to provide the best environment for your plants.Which of the following would you add to the potting soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sulfur oxidizers 
B)  Coliform bacteria 
C)  Mycorrhizae inoculant 
D)  Bacteriophage 
A)  Sulfur oxidizers 
B)  Coliform bacteria 
C)  Mycorrhizae inoculant 
D)  Bacteriophage

Question 5

You have been diagnosed with neurotoxic poisoning after having ingested an algal toxin,called brevetoxin,produced by Karenia brevis.In which food did you likely consume this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freshwater trout 
B)  Canned tuna 
C)  Oysters 
D)  Tomatoes 
A)  Freshwater trout 
B)  Canned tuna 
C)  Oysters 
D)  Tomatoes

Question 6

The terrestrial realm of the biosphere is distributed into particular climatic regions called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  populations 
B)  communities 
C)  habitats 
D)  niches 
E)  biomes 
A)  populations 
B)  communities 
C)  habitats 
D)  niches 
E)  biomes

Question 7

The conversion of gaseous nitrogen (N2)to ammonia (NH4+)occurs during ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  denitrification 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  ammonification 
D)  nitrification 
E)  photosynthesis 
A)  denitrification 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  ammonification 
D)  nitrification 
E)  photosynthesis

Question 8

Why are waterlogged soils often infertile?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lack of physical space in this type of soil blocks bacterial growth. 
B)  Water molecules are used instead of oxygen for cellular respiration. 
C)  There is less carbon in waterlogged soil than dry soil. 
D)  Nitrifying bacteria require oxygen, and the excess water takes the place of oxygen-containing air. 
A)  The lack of physical space in this type of soil blocks bacterial growth. 
B)  Water molecules are used instead of oxygen for cellular respiration. 
C)  There is less carbon in waterlogged soil than dry soil. 
D)  Nitrifying bacteria require oxygen, and the excess water takes the place of oxygen-containing air.

Question 9

Using microbes to break down or remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  bioremediation 
B)  decomposition 
C)  synergism 
D)  recycling 
E)  mineralization 
A)  bioremediation 
B)  decomposition 
C)  synergism 
D)  recycling 
E)  mineralization

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding the infection of root hairs by Rhizobium species is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nodules begin to form in the roots as both plant and bacterial partners differentiate. 
B)  Attachment of Rhizobium cells to plant root hair cells induce curling of the root hair. 
C)  This is a mutualistic relationship between plant and bacteria. 
D)  The presence of Rhizobium triggers the formation of syncytial cells. 
A)  Nodules begin to form in the roots as both plant and bacterial partners differentiate. 
B)  Attachment of Rhizobium cells to plant root hair cells induce curling of the root hair. 
C)  This is a mutualistic relationship between plant and bacteria. 
D)  The presence of Rhizobium triggers the formation of syncytial cells.

Question 11

Most of the organic sulfur is located in

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides and nucleic acids. 
B)  monosaccharides and carbohydrates. 
C)  amino acids and proteins. 
D)  fatty acids and lipids. 
A)  nucleotides and nucleic acids. 
B)  monosaccharides and carbohydrates. 
C)  amino acids and proteins. 
D)  fatty acids and lipids.

Question 12

Which microorganism is considered phytoplankton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Nitrogen fixing bacteria 
D)  Sulfate reducers 
A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Nitrogen fixing bacteria 
D)  Sulfate reducers

Question 13

Which of the following statements considering the human body as an ecosystem is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The skin, the gut, and the nasopharynx are all habitats. 
B)  The microbes present in dental plaque constitute a community. 
C)  Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus jensenii are populations within the vaginal community. 
D)  An infection can be considered a habitat's response to an alteration in environmental conditions. 
A)  The skin, the gut, and the nasopharynx are all habitats. 
B)  The microbes present in dental plaque constitute a community. 
C)  Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus jensenii are populations within the vaginal community. 
D)  An infection can be considered a habitat's response to an alteration in environmental conditions.

Question 14

The advantage of nitrogen fixation to the host plant is

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to synthesize amino acids and proteins from the ammonia produced. 
B)  the production of nucleotides required for nucleic acid synthesis. 
C)  the production of antibiotics that protect the plant against pathogenic soil bacteria. 
D)  the ability to use nitrogen gas instead of oxygen gas in cellular respiration, particularly when the soil is compacted. 
A)  the ability to synthesize amino acids and proteins from the ammonia produced. 
B)  the production of nucleotides required for nucleic acid synthesis. 
C)  the production of antibiotics that protect the plant against pathogenic soil bacteria. 
D)  the ability to use nitrogen gas instead of oxygen gas in cellular respiration, particularly when the soil is compacted.

Question 15

Looking at the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock through the lens of "One Health," which of the following statements best describes the interrelationship of these components of the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Choosing a vegetarian lifestyle goes a long way to avoid risks associated with antibiotic-treated livestock. 
B)  The broad range of antibiotics available will provide widespread protection from pathogenic microbes. 
C)  Livestock can be more susceptible to infectious diseases because of the energy required for such rapid growth. 
D)  Spontaneous antibiotic resistance that arises in animals can be rapidly spread to humans who work on factory farms. 
A)  Choosing a vegetarian lifestyle goes a long way to avoid risks associated with antibiotic-treated livestock. 
B)  The broad range of antibiotics available will provide widespread protection from pathogenic microbes. 
C)  Livestock can be more susceptible to infectious diseases because of the energy required for such rapid growth. 
D)  Spontaneous antibiotic resistance that arises in animals can be rapidly spread to humans who work on factory farms.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding the phosphorus cycle is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorus is released naturally by mining. 
B)  The phosphorus pool is in sedimentary rock. 
C)  Phosphorus mineralization occurs by microbial action. 
D)  Thiobacillus produces sulfuric acid that dissolves phosphate rock. 
E)  Phosphorus must be phosphatized to enter biological systems. 
A)  Phosphorus is released naturally by mining. 
B)  The phosphorus pool is in sedimentary rock. 
C)  Phosphorus mineralization occurs by microbial action. 
D)  Thiobacillus produces sulfuric acid that dissolves phosphate rock. 
E)  Phosphorus must be phosphatized to enter biological systems.

Exam 24: Microbes and the Environment

The conversion of nitrate (NO3-)to nitrogen gas (N2)is called ______.

Considering the human body as an ecosystem,which of the following statements is incorrect?

The thermocline is broken down by temperature changes that allow upwelling to occur.

You are preparing a garden and want to provide the best environment for your plants.Which of the following would you add to the potting soil?

You have been diagnosed with neurotoxic poisoning after having ingested an algal toxin,called brevetoxin,produced by Karenia brevis.In which food did you likely consume this?

The terrestrial realm of the biosphere is distributed into particular climatic regions called ______.

The conversion of gaseous nitrogen (N2)to ammonia (NH4+)occurs during ______.

Why are waterlogged soils often infertile?

Using microbes to break down or remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called ______.

Which of the following statements regarding the infection of root hairs by Rhizobium species is incorrect?

Most of the organic sulfur is located in

Which microorganism is considered phytoplankton?

Which of the following statements considering the human body as an ecosystem is incorrect?

The advantage of nitrogen fixation to the host plant is

Looking at the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock through the lens of "One Health," which of the following statements best describes the interrelationship of these components of the biosphere?

Which of the following statements regarding the phosphorus cycle is incorrect?

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

The conversion of nitrate (NO₃^-)to nitrogen gas (N₂)is called ______.

The conversion of gaseous nitrogen (N₂)to ammonia (NH₄⁺)occurs during ______.