Exam 1: The Process of Science Java Report

Where are the most reliable scientific results published?

Side effects of caffeine may include all of the following EXCEPT

In a controlled experiment usually only one factor is changed,which is the

What is a placebo treatment and why is it important in a properly designed experiment?

I notice that all the students in my class seem very drowsy 45 minutes into my class period.Knowing that it could not possibly be my lecture putting them to sleep,I consider other factors such as the fact that my class is at 5pm and the sun is usually setting at that time of the day,which I think may make people drowsy.What type of evidence am I collecting in making this observation?

What does it mean to say that a scientific study has undergone "peer review"? Why is this important?

Experiments with a small sample size are ____ likely to produce statistically significant results than experiments with a large sample size.

Use the following information to answer Questions To test the effectiveness of a new drug designed to improve concentration in children with hyperactivity disorder, a researcher divided 100 children with hyperactivity disorder into two groups of 50 children each. First, both groups received a test to determine the length of time they could study a word list before their attention wandered. Then, group 1 received the new drug while group 2 received a sugar pill. One hour later, both groups took the concentration test again. -What is the dependent variable in this study?

A scientific theory

Use the following information to answer Questions To test the effectiveness of a new drug designed to improve concentration in children with hyperactivity disorder, a researcher divided 100 children with hyperactivity disorder into two groups of 50 children each. First, both groups received a test to determine the length of time they could study a word list before their attention wandered. Then, group 1 received the new drug while group 2 received a sugar pill. One hour later, both groups took the concentration test again. -What is the independent variable in this study?

You have the following known facts: Smoking causes accumulation of materials in the lungs,thereby decreasing oxygen-absorbing capability of the lungs.Long-term smoking causes more accumulation of materials in the lungs.Decreased lung capacity increases the workload of the heart.Which of the following hypotheses can you make from these observations?

An epidemiologist looks at a compilation of studies done at a medical center in which they have catalogued the lifestyle and habits of thousands of women.When she looks at the women in this group who have contracted breast cancer versus those who are healthy,she finds that women who have breast cancer drink more milk then those who do not have cancer.Does this mean drinking milk causes breast cancer?

You have been asked to review and summarize three experiments regarding caffeine consumption and cancer. A. In experiment A, researchers looked at the incidence of colon cancer among 100 regular tea drinkers and 100 non-tea drinkers in Japan, all between the ages of 18 and 38, and found that tea drinkers had less colon cancer than non-tea drinkers. B. In experiment B, researchers looked at the incidence of pancreatic cancer among 300 heavy drinkers of yerba mate (Ilex paraguensis, a tree whose leaves and stems contain high levels of caffeine), 300 moderate yerba mate drinkers, and 300 non-yerba mate drinkers in Argentina, all between the ages of 40 and 60. This study showed that heavy yerba mate drinkers had higher levels of pancreatic cancer than moderate yerba mate drinkers, and moderate yerba mate drinkers had higher levels than non-drinkers. C. In experiment C, researchers looked at the levels of prostate cancer among men ages 40 to 80 in the United States. The study examined 1000 coffee drinkers and 1000 non-coffee drinkers and found slightly lower levels of prostate cancer among the coffee-drinking men. How do you summarize and reconcile these three experiments that have varying results with respect to the relationship between caffeine and cancer? Are some of them wrong?

Why do scientists say that a hypothesis is "supported" and never say that a hypothesis has been "proven"?

Imagine you are a journalist whose latest assignment is to write a magazine article on the latest findings about vaccines and autism.What are some of the concerns you might have about how best to convey such a vast amount of information to the general public?

Studies involving the benefits or risks of drinking coffee may be obscured by

A placebo is given to the:

In a scientific study evaluating the beneficial effects of caffeine on the elderly,who would be the best subjects to test?

How can two studies on the same topic have conflicting conclusions?

Pitfall(s)to avoid from the analysis of data from single epidemiological studies is/are