Exam 1: The Process of Science Java Report

You are performing a bacterial transformation where you are trying to transfer DNA that contains the gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin into the bacterium E.coli.Ampicillin normally kills E.coli,but if you are successful in your transfer of the DNA,the E.coli will now be unaffected by ampicillin.E.coli grows best on Luria Broth agar plates.Giving a cold period and then a brief heat shock and a cold period has been shown to help bacteria cells take up pieces of DNA. You take some cultures of E.coli,add cold calcium chloride,keep these on ice for 15 minutes,heat shock them for 90 seconds,then chill them on ice for 1 minute before putting them onto Luria Broth agar plates with ampicillin and Luria Broth plates without ampicillin.These bacteria should be killed by the plates with ampicillin. You take some other cultures of E.coli,add cold calcium chloride,then add the new DNA,then keep these on ice for 15 minutes,heat shock them for 90 seconds,then chill them on ice for 1 minute before putting them onto Luria Broth agar plates that contain ampicillin and Luria Broth agar plates without ampicillin.If you successfully transferred the DNA,these bacteria should grow on the plates with ampicillin and the ones without ampicillin. In this experiment,why were the colonies without the added DNA and the colonies with the added DNA treated the same way (15 minutes cold,then heat shock,then cold)?

You conduct an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug in controlling blood sugar levels in diabetics.Unfortunately,half the participants experienced nausea.Nausea would be considered

A hypothesis can be everything EXCEPT

Two studies were carried out to determine if children in daycare got more ear infections than children who stayed at home.The first study compared ear infection rates in 50 Canadian girls ages 1 to 2,half of whom attended daycare and half of whom stayed home.The second study compared ear infection rates in 1000 Swedish boys ages 3 to 4,half of whom attended daycare and half of whom stayed home.The results of these two studies differed greatly.Which of the following is LEAST likely to be the cause of such differences?

Does science ever prove a hypothesis or theory? Why or why not?

Explain why evolution is not dismissed as "just a theory" with reference to the Theory of Evolution.

A researcher wishes to determine the quantity of caffeine intake required to improve alertness.The participants are divided into two groups,with one group receiving a low dose of caffeine and the other group receiving a high dose of caffeine.The subjects are all coffee drinkers who regularly consume more than 100 mg of caffeine per day.All participants,however,are required to abstain from caffeine intake for 12 hours prior to the study.Caffeine is addictive and therefore causes unpleasant side effects when the user stops consuming it.Is the addictiveness of caffeine a potential problem in this study? Why or why not?

You finish a research project and submit your findings to a journal for peer review.The reviewers decide that they do not think your experimental results were convincing enough to support or disprove your hypothesis.What is your next step?