Question 1

Do epidemiologists perform planned scientific experiments with rigorous controlled experimentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, they work in labs and perform lab experiments to prove their hypothesis. 
B)  Yes, they use the standard scientific method. 
C)  No, they only form a hypothesis but do not analyze or compile any data. 
D)  No, they examine data that have already been compiled and look for patterns. 
E)  No, they only do uncontrolled experiments. 
A)  Yes, they work in labs and perform lab experiments to prove their hypothesis. 
B)  Yes, they use the standard scientific method. 
C)  No, they only form a hypothesis but do not analyze or compile any data. 
D)  No, they examine data that have already been compiled and look for patterns. 
E)  No, they only do uncontrolled experiments.

Question 2

I carried out a series of experiments testing the effect of caffeine on mice.I used two mice.I fed one mouse caffeinated water and fed the other plain water.I then measured the ability of each mouse to find its way through a maze.I timed their progress.My results were exciting and conclusive,the caffeinated mouse found his way through the maze much more rapidly and accurately than the non-caffeinated mouse.I sent my results to a peer-reviewed journal but they rejected my paper.They said the results were not valid.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  I should have let the mice go through the maze at different times. 
B)  I should have given the mouse different amounts of caffeine. 
C)  I didn't use the right form of caffeine. 
D)  I didn't have enough mice in the study. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  I should have let the mice go through the maze at different times. 
B)  I should have given the mouse different amounts of caffeine. 
C)  I didn't use the right form of caffeine. 
D)  I didn't have enough mice in the study. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 3

A scientific hypothesis must have two very important features.What are they?

Accepted Answer

A scientific hypothe

Question 4

You are a researcher studying alcohol intake and smoking.You find that as alcohol intake increases,the number of cigarettes smoked also increases.Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol consumption causes smoking. 
B)  Smoking causes alcohol consumption. 
C)  Alcohol consumption and smoking are not related. 
D)  Alcohol consumption and smoking are correlated. 
E)  No appropriate conclusions can be drawn from this study. 
A)  Alcohol consumption causes smoking. 
B)  Smoking causes alcohol consumption. 
C)  Alcohol consumption and smoking are not related. 
D)  Alcohol consumption and smoking are correlated. 
E)  No appropriate conclusions can be drawn from this study.

Question 5

A large sample size is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  large sample sizes reduce the possibility that results are due to chance alone. 
B)  large sample sizes increase the likelihood of finding a statistically significant result. 
C)  large sample sizes make the results more reliable. 
D)  large sample sizes increase the accuracy of the results. 
E)  large sample sizes increase the likelihood that a very rare result will be noticed. 
A)  large sample sizes reduce the possibility that results are due to chance alone. 
B)  large sample sizes increase the likelihood of finding a statistically significant result. 
C)  large sample sizes make the results more reliable. 
D)  large sample sizes increase the accuracy of the results. 
E)  large sample sizes increase the likelihood that a very rare result will be noticed.

Question 6

In everyday usage,the word "theory" is used to mean an untested idea.Which of the following scientific terms is most similar to the everyday usage of "theory"?

Accepted Answer

A)  concept 
B)  conclusion 
C)  observation 
D)  hypothesis 
E)  theory 
A)  concept 
B)  conclusion 
C)  observation 
D)  hypothesis 
E)  theory

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a side effect of caffeine consumption?

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydration 
B)  rapid breathing 
C)  ringing in ears 
D)  memory enhancement 
E)  twitching 
A)  dehydration 
B)  rapid breathing 
C)  ringing in ears 
D)  memory enhancement 
E)  twitching

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an everyday (non-scientific)theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Objects are attracted to one another by gravity. 
B)  Broccoli tastes better than cauliflower. 
C)  All life forms are related to each other through common ancestry. 
D)  All living things are made of cells. 
E)  The universe was created from a large cosmic explosion. 
A)  Objects are attracted to one another by gravity. 
B)  Broccoli tastes better than cauliflower. 
C)  All life forms are related to each other through common ancestry. 
D)  All living things are made of cells. 
E)  The universe was created from a large cosmic explosion.

Question 9

Observations used as scientific evidence should NOT include

Accepted Answer

A)  peer-reviewed scientific literature. 
B)  previous data generated. 
C)  observations about past work. 
D)  anecdotal evidence. 
E)  other people's data. 
A)  peer-reviewed scientific literature. 
B)  previous data generated. 
C)  observations about past work. 
D)  anecdotal evidence. 
E)  other people's data.

Question 10

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is an explanation that may

Question 11

What is the first step in the scientific process?

Accepted Answer

A)  designing an experiment 
B)  choosing test subjects 
C)  peer review of your study 
D)  analyzing your data 
E)  formulating a hypothesis 
A)  designing an experiment 
B)  choosing test subjects 
C)  peer review of your study 
D)  analyzing your data 
E)  formulating a hypothesis

Question 12

All of the following are true of a clinical trial EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  participants are randomly assigned to different treatment groups. 
B)  it can often be conducted with a large survey. 
C)  it can be very expensive. 
D)  it can be difficult to get participants to adhere to the treatment regime. 
E)  it can be unethical if the treatment group can cause serious harm. 
A)  participants are randomly assigned to different treatment groups. 
B)  it can often be conducted with a large survey. 
C)  it can be very expensive. 
D)  it can be difficult to get participants to adhere to the treatment regime. 
E)  it can be unethical if the treatment group can cause serious harm.

Question 13

An idea that has been examined numerous times and has never been falsified may be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  theory. 
B)  hypothesis. 
C)  conclusion. 
D)  conundrum. 
E)  ideology. 
A)  theory. 
B)  hypothesis. 
C)  conclusion. 
D)  conundrum. 
E)  ideology.

Question 14

A correlation in a scientific study indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  insufficient data. 
B)  a cause and effect between variables. 
C)  a clear link between two variables. 
D)  a possible link between two variables. 
E)  the necessity for a new hypothesis. 
A)  insufficient data. 
B)  a cause and effect between variables. 
C)  a clear link between two variables. 
D)  a possible link between two variables. 
E)  the necessity for a new hypothesis.

Question 15

Many chemicals can cause positive reactions in the human system but may also cause a variety of negative effects.These are called

Accepted Answer

A)  side effects. 
B)  causal effects. 
C)  peripheral effects. 
D)  homeopathic effects. 
E)  indirect effects. 
A)  side effects. 
B)  causal effects. 
C)  peripheral effects. 
D)  homeopathic effects. 
E)  indirect effects.

Question 16

Rank the following in order from most reliable to least reliable sources of information.

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific journals→magazine article written by scientist→magazine article written by journalist→public opinion 
B)  scientific journals→magazine article written by journalist→magazine article written by scientist→public opinion 
C)  magazine article written by scientist→scientific journal→magazine article written by journalist→public opinion 
D)  magazine article written by scientist→scientific journal→public opinion→magazine article written by journalist 
E)  magazine article written by scientist→magazine article written by journalist→scientific journal→public opinion 
A)  scientific journals→magazine article written by scientist→magazine article written by journalist→public opinion 
B)  scientific journals→magazine article written by journalist→magazine article written by scientist→public opinion 
C)  magazine article written by scientist→scientific journal→magazine article written by journalist→public opinion 
D)  magazine article written by scientist→scientific journal→public opinion→magazine article written by journalist 
E)  magazine article written by scientist→magazine article written by journalist→scientific journal→public opinion

Question 17

What is the importance of a placebo?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows the researcher to treat control and experimental groups differently while allowing them to believe they are being treated the same. 
B)  It allows the researcher to treat control and experimental groups the same while allowing them to believe they are being treated differently. 
C)  It allows the researcher to use an experimental drug on more people. 
D)  It removes the need for a control group. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  It allows the researcher to treat control and experimental groups differently while allowing them to believe they are being treated the same. 
B)  It allows the researcher to treat control and experimental groups the same while allowing them to believe they are being treated differently. 
C)  It allows the researcher to use an experimental drug on more people. 
D)  It removes the need for a control group. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 18

Increasing a sample size

Accepted Answer

A)  provides more reliable data. 
B)  increases likelihood of getting a positive result. 
C)  increases likelihood of getting a negative result. 
D)  provides better variables. 
E)  provides better controls. 
A)  provides more reliable data. 
B)  increases likelihood of getting a positive result. 
C)  increases likelihood of getting a negative result. 
D)  provides better variables. 
E)  provides better controls.

Question 19

A hypothesis must be ____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  logical; verifiable 
B)  logical; falsifiable 
C)  testable; logical 
D)  irrefutable; testable 
E)  testable; falsifiable 
A)  logical; verifiable 
B)  logical; falsifiable 
C)  testable; logical 
D)  irrefutable; testable 
E)  testable; falsifiable

Question 20

Imagine that you read a study of the effects of exercise on the prevalence of heart disease in women ages 35 to 65.Although you believe the experiment was carried out in an appropriate manner,you still do not believe the results.You decide to conduct your own study to see for yourself.To determine if the results of the first study are valid,should you do everything the same way as the first study or would it be better if you changed several of the variables,such as studying men,or looking at different age groups? Explain your choice,and explain the consequences of the other choice.

Accepted Answer

To be most comparable,you would conduct

Exam 1: The Process of Science Java Report

Do epidemiologists perform planned scientific experiments with rigorous controlled experimentation?

A scientific hypothesis must have two very important features.What are they?

You are a researcher studying alcohol intake and smoking.You find that as alcohol intake increases,the number of cigarettes smoked also increases.Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?

A large sample size is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

In everyday usage,the word "theory" is used to mean an untested idea.Which of the following scientific terms is most similar to the everyday usage of "theory"?

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a side effect of caffeine consumption?

Which of the following is an example of an everyday (non-scientific)theory?

Observations used as scientific evidence should NOT include

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

What is the first step in the scientific process?

All of the following are true of a clinical trial EXCEPT

An idea that has been examined numerous times and has never been falsified may be called a

A correlation in a scientific study indicates

Many chemicals can cause positive reactions in the human system but may also cause a variety of negative effects.These are called

Rank the following in order from most reliable to least reliable sources of information.

What is the importance of a placebo?

Increasing a sample size

A hypothesis must be ____ and _____.

Chemistry and Molecules of Life Mission to Mars

Cell Function and Structure Wonder Drug

Nutrition,metabolism,enzymes the Peanut Butter Project

Energy Flow and Photosynthesis the Future of Fuel

Dietary Energy and Cellular Respiration Supersize Me

DNA Structure and Replication Biologically Unique

Genes to Proteins Medicine From Milk

Cell Division and Mitosis Natures Pharmacy

Mutations and Cancer Fighting Fate

Single-Gene Inheritance and Meiosis Rock for a Cause

Complex Inheritance Qa: Genetics

Stem Cells and Cell Differentiation Grow Your Own

Natural Selection and Adaptation Bugs That Resist Drugs

A: Nonadaptive Evolution and Speciation Urban Evolution

B: Nonadaptive Evolution and Speciation Urban Evolution

Evidence for Evolution a Fish With Fingers

Life on Earth Qa: Evolution

Prokaryotic Diversity Lost City

A: Eukaryotic Diversity Rain Forest Riches

B: Eukaryotic Diversity Rain Forest Riches

Human Evolution Skin Deep

A: Population Ecology on the Tracks of Wolves and Moose

B: Population Ecology on the Tracks of Wolves and Moose

A: Community Ecology Whats Happening to Honey Bees

B: Community Ecology Whats Happening to Honey Bees

A: Ecosystem Ecology the Heat Is on

B: Ecosystem Ecology the Heat Is on

A: Sustainability the Makings of a Green City

B: Sustainability the Makings of a Green City

A: Overview of Physiology Man Versus Mountain

B: Overview of Physiology Man Versus Mountain

Digestive System Drastic Measures

A: Cardiovascular System Death in Bogalusa

B: Cardiovascular System Death in Bogalusa

Respiratory System Peak Performance

A: Central Nervous System Smoke on the Brain

B: Central Nervous System Smoke on the Brain

Reproductive System Too Many Multiples

Immune System Viral Mysteries

A: Plant Physiology

B: Plant Physiology

Filters

A hypothesis must be and _.