Question 1

Which of the following is true of all biofilms?

Accepted Answer

A)  They only contain a single species. 
B)  The EPS may be protein or polysaccharide. 
C)  Cells in the biofilm are dormant until the bacteria leave the biofilm. 
D)  The EPS is secreted by the bacteria. 
E)  It is a continuous monolayer surface deposit. 
A)  They only contain a single species. 
B)  The EPS may be protein or polysaccharide. 
C)  Cells in the biofilm are dormant until the bacteria leave the biofilm. 
D)  The EPS is secreted by the bacteria. 
E)  It is a continuous monolayer surface deposit.

Question 2

When the intracellular iron concentration is low, iron-scavenging molecules called __________ are produced.

Accepted Answer

A)  siderophores 
B)  endospores 
C)  heterocysts 
D)  mycelia 
E)  quorum sensors 
A)  siderophores 
B)  endospores 
C)  heterocysts 
D)  mycelia 
E)  quorum sensors

Question 3

Discuss some disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

Colony counting will not reflect the siz

Question 4

You are measuring growth in a bacterial culture. The number of viable cells remains constant, and when you check the medium, you find that the carbon source has been used up. What phase of growth is the culture in?

Accepted Answer

A)  lag phase 
B)  early log phase 
C)  late log phase 
D)  stationary phase 
E)  death phase 
A)  lag phase 
B)  early log phase 
C)  late log phase 
D)  stationary phase 
E)  death phase

Question 5

Growth of most microorganisms occurs by:

Accepted Answer

A)  budding 
B)  binary fission 
C)  replication 
D)  conjugation 
E)  transformation 
A)  budding 
B)  binary fission 
C)  replication 
D)  conjugation 
E)  transformation

Question 6

How does Anabaena overcome the challenge of performing both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation?

Accepted Answer

The autotrophic cyanobacteria Anabaena c

Question 7

What type of growth pattern is represented here: 5 × 103; 1 × 104; 2 × 104; 4 × 104; 8 × 104?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  exponential 
C)  lag 
D)  generation 
E)  semilogarithmic 
A)  linear 
B)  exponential 
C)  lag 
D)  generation 
E)  semilogarithmic

Question 8

Quorum sensing begins during which growth stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  lag 
B)  early log 
C)  late log 
D)  stationary 
E)  death 
A)  lag 
B)  early log 
C)  late log 
D)  stationary 
E)  death

Question 9

The best method to isolate single colonies is the __________ plate and the best method to count colonies is the __________ plate.

Accepted Answer

A)  spread; pour 
B)  pour; spread 
C)  defined; complex 
D)  complex; defined 
E)  spread; streak 
A)  spread; pour 
B)  pour; spread 
C)  defined; complex 
D)  complex; defined 
E)  spread; streak

Question 10

A __________ is an organism that lives in a close and mutually beneficial association with a second organism.

Accepted Answer

A)  commensal 
B)  parasite 
C)  heterocyst 
D)  endospores 
E)  symbiont 
A)  commensal 
B)  parasite 
C)  heterocyst 
D)  endospores 
E)  symbiont

Question 11

What are some specific problems that biofilms can cause in the medical field and why are they so difficult to prevent and destroy?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms can grow in medical devices suc

Question 12

When studying the metabolism of an organism, why is it better to grow organisms in a defined synthetic medium instead of a complex medium?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to characterize an organ

Question 13

A __________ cell loses membrane integrity and cannot carry out the simple transport functions needed to support life.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarized 
B)  endospore 
C)  planktonic 
D)  heterocyst 
E)  dormant 
A)  depolarized 
B)  endospore 
C)  planktonic 
D)  heterocyst 
E)  dormant

Question 14

Compare and contrast complex media, synthetic media, and enriched media.

Accepted Answer

Complex media contain things such as yea

Question 15

__________ cells are free-living organisms that grow and multiply on their own.

Accepted Answer

A)  Endospores 
B)  Parasites 
C)  Symbionts 
D)  Planktonic 
E)  Heterocyst 
A)  Endospores 
B)  Parasites 
C)  Symbionts 
D)  Planktonic 
E)  Heterocyst

Question 16

Eukaryotic microorganisms enter the __________ phase at much lower cell numbers than bacteria simply because they are bigger than bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  lag 
B)  exponential 
C)  stationary 
D)  death 
E)  log 
A)  lag 
B)  exponential 
C)  stationary 
D)  death 
E)  log

Question 17

__________ form the base of the marine food chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Protists 
B)  Small fish 
C)  Sunlight 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  Heterotrophs 
A)  Protists 
B)  Small fish 
C)  Sunlight 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  Heterotrophs

Question 18

Which of the following proteins represents a coupled transport system where two molecules travel in the same direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  aquaporin 
B)  symport 
C)  antiport 
D)  porin 
E)  diffusion transporters 
A)  aquaporin 
B)  symport 
C)  antiport 
D)  porin 
E)  diffusion transporters

Question 19

Microorganisms constantly struggle to survive in natural habitats because of the competition for:

Accepted Answer

A)  food 
B)  sunlight 
C)  water 
D)  oxygen 
E)  minerals 
A)  food 
B)  sunlight 
C)  water 
D)  oxygen 
E)  minerals

Question 20

How do scientists know of the existence of "unculturable" organisms?

Accepted Answer

By using molecular biology tools such as

Exam 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Which of the following is true of all biofilms?

When the intracellular iron concentration is low, iron-scavenging molecules called __________ are produced.

Discuss some disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms.

You are measuring growth in a bacterial culture. The number of viable cells remains constant, and when you check the medium, you find that the carbon source has been used up. What phase of growth is the culture in?

Growth of most microorganisms occurs by:

How does Anabaena overcome the challenge of performing both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation?

What type of growth pattern is represented here: 5 × 103; 1 × 104; 2 × 104; 4 × 104; 8 × 104?

Quorum sensing begins during which growth stage?

The best method to isolate single colonies is the __________ plate and the best method to count colonies is the __________ plate.

A __________ is an organism that lives in a close and mutually beneficial association with a second organism.

What are some specific problems that biofilms can cause in the medical field and why are they so difficult to prevent and destroy?

When studying the metabolism of an organism, why is it better to grow organisms in a defined synthetic medium instead of a complex medium?

A __________ cell loses membrane integrity and cannot carry out the simple transport functions needed to support life.

Compare and contrast complex media, synthetic media, and enriched media.

__________ cells are free-living organisms that grow and multiply on their own.

Eukaryotic microorganisms enter the __________ phase at much lower cell numbers than bacteria simply because they are bigger than bacteria.

__________ form the base of the marine food chain.

Which of the following proteins represents a coupled transport system where two molecules travel in the same direction?

Microorganisms constantly struggle to survive in natural habitats because of the competition for:

How do scientists know of the existence of "unculturable" organisms?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

What type of growth pattern is represented here: 5 × 10³; 1 × 10⁴; 2 × 10⁴; 4 × 10⁴; 8 × 10⁴?

The best method to isolate single colonies is the plate and the best method to count colonies is the plate.