Question 1

Why does a microbe's growth rate in its natural environment vary greatly from that in the laboratory? Give at least two reasons for this.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. A laboratory setting

Question 2

__________ can consume glucose and, in the absence of oxygen, can break it down into ethanol and carbon dioxide gas.

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli 
B)  Phototrophs 
C)  Yeast 
D)  Achaea 
E)  Bacteria 
A)  E. coli 
B)  Phototrophs 
C)  Yeast 
D)  Achaea 
E)  Bacteria

Question 3

When the population doubles during each given unit of time, the growth is:

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  semilogarithmic 
C)  exponential 
D)  geometric 
E)  arithmetic 
A)  linear 
B)  semilogarithmic 
C)  exponential 
D)  geometric 
E)  arithmetic

Question 4

Explain the difference between electrogenic and electroneutral coupled transport and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Electrogenic coupled transport results i

Question 5

Why does binary fission result in an exponential and NOT a linear growth rate?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria replicate by binary fission. In

Question 6

In which case would the shortest lag period most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer from complex medium to fresh complex medium 
B)  transfer from complex medium to minimal medium 
C)  transfer to a different temperature 
D)  transfer to a different pH 
E)  transfer to a different salt concentration 
A)  transfer from complex medium to fresh complex medium 
B)  transfer from complex medium to minimal medium 
C)  transfer to a different temperature 
D)  transfer to a different pH 
E)  transfer to a different salt concentration

Question 7

The time interval required for the formation of two cells from one is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  generation time 
B)  growth time 
C)  growth rate 
D)  exponential rate 
E)  log phase 
A)  generation time 
B)  growth time 
C)  growth rate 
D)  exponential rate 
E)  log phase

Question 8

__________ are specific nutrients that are NOT required by all cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Macronutrients 
B)  Micronutrients 
C)  Growth factors 
D)  Trace elements 
E)  Essential nutrients 
A)  Macronutrients 
B)  Micronutrients 
C)  Growth factors 
D)  Trace elements 
E)  Essential nutrients

Question 9

E. coli adjusts to the stationary phase by doing all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease its size 
B)  synthesize enzymes to handle oxygen radicals 
C)  synthesize proteins to protect DNA and proteins 
D)  increase peptidoglycan cross-linking 
E)  form spores 
A)  decrease its size 
B)  synthesize enzymes to handle oxygen radicals 
C)  synthesize proteins to protect DNA and proteins 
D)  increase peptidoglycan cross-linking 
E)  form spores

Question 10

__________ are responsible for the carbon fixation component of the carbon cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterotrophs 
B)  Symbionts 
C)  Autotrophs 
D)  Chemotrophs 
E)  Organotrophs 
A)  Heterotrophs 
B)  Symbionts 
C)  Autotrophs 
D)  Chemotrophs 
E)  Organotrophs

Question 11

Compare and contrast the ABC transporters and group translocation in terms of energy requirements and concentration gradients. In what types of organisms are these transport systems found?

Accepted Answer

Both forms of transport require energy.

Question 12

Which of the following is the best technique for counting only viable cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  direct microscopic count 
B)  spread plate 
C)  spectrophotometer 
D)  chemostat 
E)  dry weight measurements 
A)  direct microscopic count 
B)  spread plate 
C)  spectrophotometer 
D)  chemostat 
E)  dry weight measurements

Question 13

Define the terms "viable" and "viable but nonculturable." Why are so many environmental organisms believed to be viable but nonculturable?

Accepted Answer

Viable means that it is possible to grow

Question 14

You have isolated a bacterium from the rumen of a cow and wish to know how it transports glucose into the cell. You perform an experiment that shows uptake of radioactively labeled glucose is equal when the organism is grown in media in the presence and absence of inhibitors of energy production. What is the mechanism of glucose transport in this cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  group translocation 
B)  diffusion 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  active transport 
E)  endocytosis 
A)  group translocation 
B)  diffusion 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  active transport 
E)  endocytosis

Question 15

Why can't most organisms use the nitrogen gas which is so prevalent in the atmosphere? How do these organisms acquire a usable form of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen gas has triple bonds that hold

Question 16

What causes and organism to go through the process of sporulation? How can endospores cause problems in the food industry?

Accepted Answer

When nutrients are not as readily availa

Question 17

If an organism produces seven offspring per generation, which of the following would express the rate of increase in population, where n corresponds to the number of generations?

Accepted Answer

A)  2n 
B)  n2 
C)  7n 
D)  n7 
E)  2n7 
A)  2n 
B)  n2 
C)  7n 
D)  n7 
E)  2n7

Question 18

What type of medium and conditions would you need to have in order to select for photoautotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Phototrophs can generate energy from abs

Question 19

A microbial population explosion results from the sudden availability of:

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  food 
D)  sunlight 
E)  prey 
A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  food 
D)  sunlight 
E)  prey

Question 20

In the laboratory Escherichia coli can divide into two cells every:

Accepted Answer

A)  1-5 minutes 
B)  5-10 minutes 
C)  20-30 minutes 
D)  50-60 minutes 
E)  2 hours 
A)  1-5 minutes 
B)  5-10 minutes 
C)  20-30 minutes 
D)  50-60 minutes 
E)  2 hours

Exam 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Why does a microbe's growth rate in its natural environment vary greatly from that in the laboratory? Give at least two reasons for this.

__________ can consume glucose and, in the absence of oxygen, can break it down into ethanol and carbon dioxide gas.

When the population doubles during each given unit of time, the growth is:

Explain the difference between electrogenic and electroneutral coupled transport and give an example of each.

Why does binary fission result in an exponential and NOT a linear growth rate?

In which case would the shortest lag period most likely be observed?

The time interval required for the formation of two cells from one is called the

__________ are specific nutrients that are NOT required by all cells.

E. coli adjusts to the stationary phase by doing all of the following except:

__________ are responsible for the carbon fixation component of the carbon cycle.

Compare and contrast the ABC transporters and group translocation in terms of energy requirements and concentration gradients. In what types of organisms are these transport systems found?

Which of the following is the best technique for counting only viable cells?

Define the terms "viable" and "viable but nonculturable." Why are so many environmental organisms believed to be viable but nonculturable?

Why can't most organisms use the nitrogen gas which is so prevalent in the atmosphere? How do these organisms acquire a usable form of nitrogen?

What causes and organism to go through the process of sporulation? How can endospores cause problems in the food industry?

If an organism produces seven offspring per generation, which of the following would express the rate of increase in population, where n corresponds to the number of generations?

What type of medium and conditions would you need to have in order to select for photoautotrophs?

A microbial population explosion results from the sudden availability of:

In the laboratory Escherichia coli can divide into two cells every:

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters