Question 1

The cholera and E. coli (traveler's diarrhea) toxins __________, leading to high levels of cAMP in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP ribosylate the Gs factor 
B)  ADP ribosylate adenyl cyclase 
C)  inactivate ATP 
D)  are bacterial adenylate cyclase 
E)  phosphorylates the G factor 
A)  ADP ribosylate the Gs factor 
B)  ADP ribosylate adenyl cyclase 
C)  inactivate ATP 
D)  are bacterial adenylate cyclase 
E)  phosphorylates the G factor

Question 2

HPV strains that cause cervical cancer produce protein E7, which:

Accepted Answer

A)  causes the degradation of pRb 
B)  frees up the transcription factor E2F to express the oncogene 
C)  ADP ribosylates protein synthesis factor EF2 
D)  activates G proteins 
E)  down-regulates MHC proteins on the cell surface 
A)  causes the degradation of pRb 
B)  frees up the transcription factor E2F to express the oncogene 
C)  ADP ribosylates protein synthesis factor EF2 
D)  activates G proteins 
E)  down-regulates MHC proteins on the cell surface

Question 3

Which of the following causes whooping cough?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus mutans 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Bordetella pertussis 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Mycoplasma 
A)  Streptococcus mutans 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Bordetella pertussis 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Mycoplasma

Question 4

What term is used to designate how many bacteria or viruses are required to kill 50% of an experimental group of hosts?

Accepted Answer

A)  ID50 
B)  LD50 
C)  pathogenicity 
D)  infectivity 
E)  virulence 
A)  ID50 
B)  LD50 
C)  pathogenicity 
D)  infectivity 
E)  virulence

Question 5

What is the rationale for designating disease-causing protozoa and worms as parasites NOT pathogens?

Accepted Answer

In a very broad sense, all disease-causi

Question 6

Some bacterial pathogens develop a latent stage in the host, where they are undetectable as a distinct entity but are still able to emerge and cause disease at certain times. Why doesn't the host eliminate such pathogens by apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Latent viruses like the herpes

Question 7

Microbes can be transmitted indirectly from one person to another by inanimate objects, collectively called fomites. Describe the role of fomites in the spread of one infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

The influenza virus can be spread by aer

Question 8

Binding of which protein of the EPEC pathogenicity system directly triggers a remarkable reorganization of host cellular cytoskeletal components?

Accepted Answer

A)  actin 
B)  SPI-1 
C)  intimin 
D)  Nef 
E)  Ivet 
A)  actin 
B)  SPI-1 
C)  intimin 
D)  Nef 
E)  Ivet

Question 9

Describe the role of pRb in the regulation of cell division. How does the human papillomavirus deregulate cell division in infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein pRb normally inhibits cell divis

Question 10

Name and briefly describe the role of three of the five HIV proteins that affect pathogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Tat (transcriptional transactivator)-acc

Question 11

The number of microbes that kill half the experimental animals is called the LD50 dose. What is the relationship between this measure and microbial virulence?

Accepted Answer

Virulence is a measure of the severity o

Question 12

Biofilms play a major role in enhancing bacterial virulence because:

Accepted Answer

A)  biofilm strains are mutants 
B)  the exopolymer matrix is highly toxic and mutagenic 
C)  biofilm bacteria are intracellular pathogens 
D)  bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobials and phagocytosis 
E)  low bacteria density does not alert the human immune system 
A)  biofilm strains are mutants 
B)  the exopolymer matrix is highly toxic and mutagenic 
C)  biofilm bacteria are intracellular pathogens 
D)  bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobials and phagocytosis 
E)  low bacteria density does not alert the human immune system

Question 13

Define a fomite and give at least two examples.

Accepted Answer

A fomite is an inanimate object that whe

Question 14

In signature-tagged mutagenesis, the tag is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a lacZ gene 
B)  a fluorescent dye 
C)  an antibiotic-resistance gene 
D)  an oligonucleotide 
E)  a PCR primer sequence 
A)  a lacZ gene 
B)  a fluorescent dye 
C)  an antibiotic-resistance gene 
D)  an oligonucleotide 
E)  a PCR primer sequence

Question 15

Which is an example of an intracellular bacterial pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Coxiella burnetii 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Bacillus anthracis 
A)  HIV 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Coxiella burnetii 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
E)  Bacillus anthracis

Question 16

Compare and contrast the promoter trap plasmid technique and the signature-tagged mutagenesis technique.

Accepted Answer

The promoter trap plasmid technique iden

Question 17

The disease filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  ectoparasite 
B)  endoparasite 
C)  insect 
D)  bacterium 
E)  fungus 
A)  ectoparasite 
B)  endoparasite 
C)  insect 
D)  bacterium 
E)  fungus

Question 18

There was a dramatic dip in life expectancy in the United States in 1918 due to an epidemic of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cholera 
B)  plague 
C)  polio 
D)  influenza 
E)  typhoid fever 
A)  cholera 
B)  plague 
C)  polio 
D)  influenza 
E)  typhoid fever

Question 19

The host species can evolve to become resistant to virus infection when the gene encoding the receptor mutates. Explain.

Accepted Answer

Tissue tropism as well as host specifici

Question 20

What is a possible role for quorum sensing in pathogencity?

Accepted Answer

A)  It detects and responds to the pH as an indicator of the environment. 
B)  It delays production of toxins that may alert the host to the presence of the bacteria. 
C)  It monitors and responds to concentrations of ions such as magnesium. 
D)  It senses and responds to the population of phagocytes at the infection site. 
E)  It helps the pathogen escape the adaptive immune response. 
A)  It detects and responds to the pH as an indicator of the environment. 
B)  It delays production of toxins that may alert the host to the presence of the bacteria. 
C)  It monitors and responds to concentrations of ions such as magnesium. 
D)  It senses and responds to the population of phagocytes at the infection site. 
E)  It helps the pathogen escape the adaptive immune response.

Exam 25: Microbial Pathogenesis

The cholera and E. coli (traveler's diarrhea) toxins __________, leading to high levels of cAMP in the cell.

HPV strains that cause cervical cancer produce protein E7, which:

Which of the following causes whooping cough?

What term is used to designate how many bacteria or viruses are required to kill 50% of an experimental group of hosts?

What is the rationale for designating disease-causing protozoa and worms as parasites NOT pathogens?

Some bacterial pathogens develop a latent stage in the host, where they are undetectable as a distinct entity but are still able to emerge and cause disease at certain times. Why doesn't the host eliminate such pathogens by apoptosis?

Microbes can be transmitted indirectly from one person to another by inanimate objects, collectively called fomites. Describe the role of fomites in the spread of one infectious disease.

Binding of which protein of the EPEC pathogenicity system directly triggers a remarkable reorganization of host cellular cytoskeletal components?

Describe the role of pRb in the regulation of cell division. How does the human papillomavirus deregulate cell division in infected cells?

Name and briefly describe the role of three of the five HIV proteins that affect pathogenesis.

The number of microbes that kill half the experimental animals is called the LD50 dose. What is the relationship between this measure and microbial virulence?

Biofilms play a major role in enhancing bacterial virulence because:

Define a fomite and give at least two examples.

In signature-tagged mutagenesis, the tag is:

Which is an example of an intracellular bacterial pathogen?

Compare and contrast the promoter trap plasmid technique and the signature-tagged mutagenesis technique.

The disease filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by a(n):

There was a dramatic dip in life expectancy in the United States in 1918 due to an epidemic of:

The host species can evolve to become resistant to virus infection when the gene encoding the receptor mutates. Explain.

What is a possible role for quorum sensing in pathogencity?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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The number of microbes that kill half the experimental animals is called the LD₅₀ dose. What is the relationship between this measure and microbial virulence?