Question 1

Activators

Accepted Answer

A)  are involved in negative control. 
B)  are involved in positive control. 
C)  always bind to the promoter. 
D)  are allosteric proteins. 
E)  are involved in positive control AND are allosteric proteins. 
A)  are involved in negative control. 
B)  are involved in positive control. 
C)  always bind to the promoter. 
D)  are allosteric proteins. 
E)  are involved in positive control AND are allosteric proteins.

Question 2

Which is true about prokaryotic (bacterial) RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used during transcription. 
B)  It does not require a primer. 
C)  It has a detachable subunit, sigma factor, which recognizes the promoter. 
D)  It reads the template in the 3'-5' direction. 
E)  All of the choices are true. 
A)  It is used during transcription. 
B)  It does not require a primer. 
C)  It has a detachable subunit, sigma factor, which recognizes the promoter. 
D)  It reads the template in the 3'-5' direction. 
E)  All of the choices are true.

Question 3

The ribosomes

Accepted Answer

A)  move along the tRNA in a 3'-5' direction. 
B)  move along the mRNA in a 5'-3' direction. 
C)  move along the DNA in a 5'-3' direction. 
D)  provide a platform which brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining. 
E)  move along the mRNA in a 5'-3' direction AND provide a platform which brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining. 
A)  move along the tRNA in a 3'-5' direction. 
B)  move along the mRNA in a 5'-3' direction. 
C)  move along the DNA in a 5'-3' direction. 
D)  provide a platform which brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining. 
E)  move along the mRNA in a 5'-3' direction AND provide a platform which brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.

Question 4

The term antiparallel

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the structure of single-stranded RNA. 
B)  is synonymous with semiconservative. 
C)  refers to the opposite orientation of the two strands in DNA. 
D)  refers to a type of prokaryotic replication. 
A)  refers to the structure of single-stranded RNA. 
B)  is synonymous with semiconservative. 
C)  refers to the opposite orientation of the two strands in DNA. 
D)  refers to a type of prokaryotic replication.

Question 5

Which is true about DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is semiconservative. 
B)  It starts at an origin of replication. 
C)  It is bi-directional. 
D)  It requires RNA primers. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  It is semiconservative. 
B)  It starts at an origin of replication. 
C)  It is bi-directional. 
D)  It requires RNA primers. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

GCCCAAAG is a molecule of

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  protein. 
D)  cannot tell as written. 
A)  RNA. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  protein. 
D)  cannot tell as written.

Question 7

The anticodon determines which amino acid is linked to its tRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which molecule carries an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  tRNA 
A)  DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  tRNA

Question 9

The placement of the amino acid during translation is determined by the

Accepted Answer

A)  DNAse which transcribes both molecules. 
B)  complementarity of the codon-anticodon. 
C)  sequence of nucleotides at the 5' end of the tRNA. 
D)  secondary structure of the newly forming protein. 
A)  DNAse which transcribes both molecules. 
B)  complementarity of the codon-anticodon. 
C)  sequence of nucleotides at the 5' end of the tRNA. 
D)  secondary structure of the newly forming protein.

Question 10

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 11

The P-site

Accepted Answer

A)  is found on the polymerase enzyme. 
B)  is an allosteric site. 
C)  is a promoter site. 
D)  is the peptidyl site on the ribosome. 
E)  is an allosteric site AND is a promoter site. 
A)  is found on the polymerase enzyme. 
B)  is an allosteric site. 
C)  is a promoter site. 
D)  is the peptidyl site on the ribosome. 
E)  is an allosteric site AND is a promoter site.

Question 12

RNA is characterized by which one of the following features?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deoxyribose. 
B)  Thymine. 
C)  Ribose. 
D)  Double-stranded. 
A)  Deoxyribose. 
B)  Thymine. 
C)  Ribose. 
D)  Double-stranded.

Question 13

The transcription terminator

Accepted Answer

A)  results in a hairpin loop structure in RNA. 
B)  results in the polymerase falling off the DNA template. 
C)  stops DNA polymerase. 
D)  adds a terminator nucleotide to the RNA. 
E)  results in a hairpin loop structure in RNA AND results in the polymerase falling off the DNA template. 
A)  results in a hairpin loop structure in RNA. 
B)  results in the polymerase falling off the DNA template. 
C)  stops DNA polymerase. 
D)  adds a terminator nucleotide to the RNA. 
E)  results in a hairpin loop structure in RNA AND results in the polymerase falling off the DNA template.

Question 14

There are 4 functional types of RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The set of genes in bacteria that are linked together and transcribed as a single unit is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  operon. 
B)  regulon. 
C)  operator. 
D)  repressor. 
A)  operon. 
B)  regulon. 
C)  operator. 
D)  repressor.

Question 16

The scientists responsible for the idea that RNA can act as a catalyst were

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson and Crick. 
B)  Beadle and Tatum. 
C)  Altman and Cech. 
D)  Lederberg and Stanley. 
A)  Watson and Crick. 
B)  Beadle and Tatum. 
C)  Altman and Cech. 
D)  Lederberg and Stanley.

Question 17

Does the presence of introns/exons in eukaryotic cells provide more potential diversity in gene products (proteins) than is possible in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  It doesn't-this is a trick question. There's the same potential for gene products (proteins) in a bacterium with 1,000 genes as there is in a eukaryotic cell with 1,000 genes. 
B)  It does-each exon and each intron could be used individually and discretely to make a gene product (protein). Since bacteria lack these, they will have less ability to create different proteins. 
C)  It does-exons/introns can be spliced together in different ways post-transcription to yield different mRNAs (and therefore, different proteins). Bacteria lack this system, so the gene you transcribe is translated into the only protein you'll end up getting. 
D)  It does-exons/introns can be spliced together in different ways at the DNA level to eventually yield different mRNAs (and therefore, different proteins). Bacteria lack this system, so the gene you transcribe is translated into the only protein you'll end up getting. 
A)  It doesn't-this is a trick question. There's the same potential for gene products (proteins) in a bacterium with 1,000 genes as there is in a eukaryotic cell with 1,000 genes. 
B)  It does-each exon and each intron could be used individually and discretely to make a gene product (protein). Since bacteria lack these, they will have less ability to create different proteins. 
C)  It does-exons/introns can be spliced together in different ways post-transcription to yield different mRNAs (and therefore, different proteins). Bacteria lack this system, so the gene you transcribe is translated into the only protein you'll end up getting. 
D)  It does-exons/introns can be spliced together in different ways at the DNA level to eventually yield different mRNAs (and therefore, different proteins). Bacteria lack this system, so the gene you transcribe is translated into the only protein you'll end up getting.

Question 18

Cells are often ground up with abrasive to get to their internal enzymes/molecules, followed by removal of the abrasives. Here are three situations and three outcomes. What is the correct interpretation of the results? In situation #1, radioactive amino acids are added to cell material, and radioactive proteins are produced. In situation #2, radioactive amino acids, cell material, and the enzyme DNAse (degrades DNA) are added together. Radioactive proteins are still produced. In situation #3, the ground-up cell material is allowed to sit for 24 hours before radioactive amino acids and DNAse are added to it. No radioactive protein is produced. Interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase has no activity after 24 hours, so it is unable to transcribe any mRNA in the last scenario to be translated into radioactive proteins. 
B)  The radioactivity in the amino acids is altering/degrading the tRNA molecules, leading to no protein production in the last scenario. 
C)  Natural RNAses/DNAses present in the ground-up material will degrade any mRNA/DNA in that 24 hour interval. This will lead to no capability to transcribe genes/translate protein in the last scenario. 
D)  The results are not interpretable from the information given. 
A)  RNA polymerase has no activity after 24 hours, so it is unable to transcribe any mRNA in the last scenario to be translated into radioactive proteins. 
B)  The radioactivity in the amino acids is altering/degrading the tRNA molecules, leading to no protein production in the last scenario. 
C)  Natural RNAses/DNAses present in the ground-up material will degrade any mRNA/DNA in that 24 hour interval. This will lead to no capability to transcribe genes/translate protein in the last scenario. 
D)  The results are not interpretable from the information given.

Question 19

Ribozymes are non-protein molecules with catalytic activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The phrase "one gene-one enzyme" is associated with the work of

Accepted Answer

A)  Lederberg. 
B)  Watson and Crick. 
C)  Beadle and Tatum. 
D)  Mendel. 
A)  Lederberg. 
B)  Watson and Crick. 
C)  Beadle and Tatum. 
D)  Mendel.

Exam 7: The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Activators

Which is true about prokaryotic (bacterial) RNA polymerase?

The ribosomes

The term antiparallel

Which is true about DNA replication?

GCCCAAAG is a molecule of

The anticodon determines which amino acid is linked to its tRNA.

Which molecule carries an anticodon?

The placement of the amino acid during translation is determined by the

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

The P-site

RNA is characterized by which one of the following features?

The transcription terminator

There are 4 functional types of RNA.

The set of genes in bacteria that are linked together and transcribed as a single unit is referred to as a(n)

The scientists responsible for the idea that RNA can act as a catalyst were

Does the presence of introns/exons in eukaryotic cells provide more potential diversity in gene products (proteins) than is possible in prokaryotic cells?

Ribozymes are non-protein molecules with catalytic activity.

The phrase "one gene-one enzyme" is associated with the work of

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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